Thursday, May 18, 2000

Midterm Exam #3

Biology 114

Name: _____________________________________

 

Œ    Place your name at the top of each page.

    There are 30 questions

Ž    Each question is worth the same amount

    Remember to distinguish compared items by linking descriptions with terms (e.g., the sky is blue).

    Unless requested, do not multiply out expressions (e.g., stop at 2*5003 rather than 2.5x108).

‘    I encourage you to ask questions during the exam, but do so discretely.

’    Remember to use safe, i.e., unambiguous & well-articulated answers whenever possible.

“      Above all, avoid jumping to profoundly incorrect conclusions: make sure you actually read a question (all of it) before you answer, and then make sure you are actually answering what is being asked.

 

32      1      þ

32/33      3      þ

33      5      þ

34      8      þ

50      4      þ

51      8      þ

total:      29

 

When asked for the name of a phylum, please provide the formal name for that just-below-kingdom taxonomic category (e.g., Chordata, not chordate, or Ctenophora, not comb jelly).

 

(1) Which of the following has the least to do with intraspecific fighting?

(a) Agonistic behavior

(b) Dominance hierarchies

(c) Reciprocal altruism

(d) Territoriality

(e) None are components of intraspecific fighting

A: (c) Reciprocal altruism

(2) Which is the acoelomate? Members of phylum __________.

(a) Arthropoda

(b) Chordata

(c) Cnidaria

(d) Platyhelminthes

(e) Porifera

A: (d) Platyhelminthes (chapter 32/33)

(3) Which animal phylum feeds by phagocytosis (rather than via ingestion followed by extracellular digestion followed by cytoplasmic uptake of digested products)?

A: Phylum Porifera (chapter 33)

 

(4) What kind of animal was a Placodermi?

A: The placoderms were armored fish (chapter 34)

 

 

(5) What is the defining feature of members of superclass Gnathostomata?

A: The gnathostomes possess jaws (chapter 34)

 

(6) What is the major advantage associated with relying on FAPs rather than intelligence?

A: Intelligence is more costly both in terms of developing and maintaining neurons and in terms of the time and energy required to learn behaviors. (chapter 51)

 

 

 

(7) What is kinesis? (please define in a manner that allows a distinction between this term and the definition of taxis)

A: Kinesis is the increased movement of animals when they are found in less-desirable environments; increased movement when things are less than optimal tends to assure that animals are more likely to remain within environments that are more optimal (chapter 51)

 

 

 

 

(8) What are trachea (i.e., that are possessed by members of class Insecta)?

A: These are finely branched tubes that circulate air from the surface of the insect exoskeleton to the body cells of the insect; the trachea replace the lungs and blood circulation of gasses employed, for example, by vertebrate amniotes (chapter 33)

 

 

(9) What are the two major components an ecologist distinguishes an organism’s environment into?

A: Biotic and abiotic (chapter 50)

 

 

(10) The up side of complexity is the acquisition of the potential to explore (and then retain) adaptive zones (e.g., dwelling on land, ingesting large chunks of food, etc.). In terms of the principle of allocation, what is the down side of increases in complexity?

A: Complexity is energetically costly so detracts energetically from the ability of organisms to reproduce (chapter 50)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(11) The two subclasses of class Osteichthyes (Sarcopterygii and Actinoperterygii) are distinguished particularly in terms of their what?

A: The morphology (e.g., fleshiness) of their fins (chapter 34)

 

 

 

(12) The most primitive of the __________ are the amphibians. (answer is single descriptive word of the land-vertebrate clade)

A: Tetrapods (chapter 34)

 

(13) The means by which proximate causation underlies the display of a given behavior is termed __________.

(a) Altruism

(b) Kinesis

(c) Polygyny

(d) Ultimate causation

(e) Umvelt

A: (e) Umvelt (chapter 51)

(14) The lobsters may be described taxonomically as members of Eukarya, Animalia, Arthropoda, Crustacea, Decapoda. Describe the millipedes similarly.

A: Eukarya, Animalia, Arthropoda, Unaramia, Diplopoda (chapter 33)

 

 

 

(15) The learned ignoring of uninformative environmental stimuli is called __________.

(a) Habituation

(b) Imprinting

(c) Insight Learning

(d) Maturation

(e) Orientation

A: (a) Habitation (chapter 51)

(16) The ecological study of assemblages of different species of organisms is called __________ ecology.

(a) Behavoral

(b) Community

(c) Ecosystem

(d) Organismal

(e) Population

A: (b) Community (chapter 50)

(17) The earliest, most primitive member of genus Homo is H. __________.

A: habilis (chapter 34)

(18) Of those animals that obtain nutrients by eating macroscopic animals whole, which phylum has the simplest body plan?

A: Phylum Cnidaria (chapter 33)

 

(19) The two genera of bipedal apes found in family Hominidae are genus Home and genus __________. (don’t forget to underline and capitalize)

A: Australopithecus (chapter 34)

 

 

(20) Movement that is directed particularly via recognition of earth-bound landmarks is/are termed __________.

(a) Foraging

(c) Orientation

(c) Piloting

(d) Rhythmic behaviors

(e) Taxis

A: (c) Piloting (chapter 51)

(21) Included among the deuterostome coelomates are the

(a) Arthropods

(b) Cnidarians

(c) Echinodermates

(d) Nematodes

(e) Poriferans

A: (c) Echinodermates (chapter 32/33)

(22) For a generalist, the acquisition of a preferred food (high benefit-to-cost ratio) from a variety of available foods is called __________.

A: Optimal foraging (chapter 51)

 

(23) Fill in the blank for the classification of monkeys: Class Mammalia, Order Primata, Suborder __________.

A: Anthropoidea (chapter 34)

 

(24) Distinguish regulators from conformers in terms of energy usage.

A: Regulators devote more energy to homeostasis than conformers so consequently potentially have less energy left to devote to reproduction (chapter 50)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(25) Describe the anatomical feature members of phylum Platyhelminthes employ to circulate nutrients through their bodies.

A: Via a multi-branched digestive cavity (chapter 33)

 

 

 

 

(26) Cephalization is associated with

(a) Archenteron

(b) Bilateria

(c) Diploblastic

(d) Gastrulation

(e) Radiata

A: (b) Bilateria (chapter 32)

(27) __________ behaviors are those that occur between two or more animals of the same species and can include aggression (i.e., lack of cooperation), deception (ditto), courtship, and cooperation.

A: Social (chapter 51)

 

(28) (a) The Cnidarians lack mesodermal ________. (b) Poriferans lack true _________. (c) The mesoderm of the nematodes is in contact with the __________ but not in direct contact with the endoderm.

A: (a) tissue, (b) tissue, (c) ectoderm (chapter 32/33)

 

(29) Members of which phylum tend to have to molt as they grow?

A: Arthropoda (chapter 33)

 

(30) What animal phylum are considered deuterostomes but possesses no vertebrate members?

A: Echinodermata (chapter 33)