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A A A A A • A site • A Tour of the Cell • Abiotic component • ABO blood group • Absolute dating • Acetyl CoA • Acids, nucleic • Acoelomates • Acrasiomycota • Actin • Actinopterygii, subclass • Action of natural selection • Activation energy • Activation, mRNA • Activation, protein • Activators • Active site • Active transport • Active versus passive transport • Activity, enzyme • Adapt, why? • Adaptation • Adaptation • Adaptation • Adaptations, terrestrial, plants • Adaptive landscapes • Adaptive radiation • Adaptive radiation and mass extinction • Adaptive zone • Addition, law of • Additional mechanisms of catalysis • Adenine • Adenosine diphosphate • Adenosine monophosphate • Adenosine triphosphate • Adhesion • ADP • Advantage, heterozygous • Aerobes, obligate • Aerobic respirators, protists are mostly • Aerobic respirators, protists are mostly • Age structure • Agent, oxidizing • Agent, reducing • Agnatha, class • Agonistic behavior • Alelle frequencies, calculating • Algal life cycles • Allele • Allele frequencies from genotype frequencies, calculating them • Allele, fixed • Allele, homologous • Alleles, complete dominance • Alleles, dominant • Alleles, dominant, homozygous • Alleles, incomplete dominance • Alleles, multiple • Alleles, recessive • Alleles, recessive, homozygous • Alleles, segregation of • Allocation of limited resources • Allocation, principle of • Allopatric speciation • Allopatric speciation, scenario for • Allopolyploid • Allosteric inhibitors • Alpha helix • Alternation of generations • Alternation of generations • Altruism • Altruism, reciprocal • Alveolata, Kingdom • Amino acids • Amino group • Aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases • Ammonification • Amniotes • Amniotic egg • Amoebas • Amoebocyte • AMP • AMP, cyclic • Amphibia, class • Amphibians • Amphipathic • Amplification, signal • Amylopectin • Amylose • An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere • An Introduction to Metabolism • Anabolism • Anaerobes, facultative • Anaerobes, facultative • Anaerobes, obligate • Anaerobic generation of ATP • Anagenesis • Analysis of cloned DNA • Anaphase • Anaphase I • Anatomy, comparative • Ancestor, universal • Aneuploidy • Angiosperms • Angiosperms, life cycle of • Animal cells and tonicity • Animal defenses against predation • Animal Evolution, Introduction to • Animals • Anisogamy • Annelida, phylum • Anterior • Anther • Antheridium • Antheridium • Anthophyta, division • Anthropoidea, suborder • Anticodon • Antiparallel strands • Apicomplexa • Aposematic coloration • Apparatus, Golgi • Appendages, jointed • Aquatic producers, protists are important • Aquatic, protists are mostly • Aqueous solution • Archaebacteria metabolism • Archegonium • Archenteron • Archezoa • Archezoa, Kingdom • Arthropoda, phylum • Artificial selection • Asci • Ascocarp • Ascogonium • Ascomycota fruiting bodies • Ascomycota gametangia • Ascomycota, Division • Ascospores • Asexual reproduction • Assimilation, nitrogen • Associative learning • Assortative mating • Assortment, independent • Assortment, independent • Aster • Asymetry, membrane • Atmosphere, reducing • ATP • ATP Bookkeeping (cellular respiration) • ATP catabolism • ATP generation, anaerobic • ATP hydrolysis • ATP is a product of catabolism • ATP synthase • ATP works, how • Attachments to plasma membrane • AUG • Australopithecines • Australopithecus, genus • Autopolyploidy • Autosomal dominant traits • Autosomal recessive traits • Autosome • Autotroph • Autotrophs • Availability to RNA polymerase • Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty, 1944 • Aves, class • Avoidance of punishment •
B B B B B • Bacillariophyta • Bacteria mutation • Bacteria sex • Bacteria, Gram-negative • Bacterial growth • Bacteriophage • Balanced polymorphisms • Barnacles • Barr bodies • Barriers, breakdown of • Barriers, geographical • Barriers, prezygotic reproductive • Barriers, reproductive • Base pairing • Base sequence • Bases, nitrogenous • Basidia • Basidiocarp • Basidiomycota, division • Basis of life, mechanistic • Batesian mimicry • Behavior • Behavior, agonistic • Behavior, cooperative • Behavior, mating • Behavior, social • Behavioral biology • Behavioral ecology • Behavioral ecology • Behavioral isolation • Behaviors, rhythmic • Behaviors, timing and moving • Benthic • Beta-pleated sheet • Bilateria • Bilateria versus radiata • Bilayer, lipid • Binary fission • Bioenergetics • Biogeochemical cycles • Biogeography • Biogeography, island • Biological order, hierarchy of • Biological species concept • Biological species concept, problems with • Biology, behavioral • Biology, Fifth Edition • Biology, molecular • Biomass • Biomass pyramid • Biomass, standing crop • Biotechnology • Biotic component • Biotic potential • Bipedalism • Birds • Birth rate • Bivalvia, class • Blade • Blastopore • Blood group, ABO • Blotting, Southern • Body cavities • Bonding, hydrogen • Bonds, chemical • Bonds, chemical, representing • Bonds, covalent • Bonds, energy in • Bonds, hydrogen • Bonds, ionic • Bonds, noncovalent • Bonds, polar covalent • Bonds, weak • Bony fish • Bookkeeping, ATP, cellular respiration • Bottleneck effect • Bottleneck, genetic • Bound ribosomes • Breakdown of barriers • Breeding, true • Bridges, disulfide • Brown algae • Bryophyta, division • Buffer, pH •
C C C C C • Calculating allele frequencies • Calculating allele frequencies from genotype frequencies • Calculating for events not happening • Calculating genotype frequencies from allele frequencies • Calvin cycle • Cambrian explosion • cAMP • Campbell, Reece, Mitchell, 1999 • CAP • Capacity, carrying • Capsid • Capsids and envelopes • Capsomers • Carbohydrates • Carbon • Carbon and oxygen cycles • Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life • Carbon cycle • Carbon fixing (photosynthesis) • Carbon, oxidation of • Carbon, oxidized • Carbonyl group • Carboxyl group • Carnivore • Carpel • Carrying capacity • Cartilaginous fish • Catabolism • Catabolism, ATP • Catabolism, product of (ATP) • Catabolite activator protein • Catalysis, additional mechanisms of • Catalysis, enzyme-mediated • Catalytic site • Causation, proximate • Causation, ultimate • Cavities, body • cDNA • Cell Communication • Cell cycle • Cell Cycle, The • Cell differentiation • Cell division • Cell division • Cell divison, control of • Cell envelopes • Cell signaling, three stages of • Cell wall, Gram-negative • Cell wall, Gram-positive • Cells • Cells are small • Cells, stem • Cellular respiration, overview • Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy • Cellular slime molds • Cellulose • Cellulose, digestion of • Centipedes • Central dogma of molecular genetics • Central dogma of molecular genetics, quickie lesson • Centriole • Centromere • Centrosome • Centrosomes • Cephalization • Cephalization • Cephalochordata, subphylum • Cephalopoda, class • Cephalothorax • Chain reaction, polymerase • Chaperone proteins • Character • Character displacement • Characters, quantitative • Chargaff • Chargaff's rule • Cheliceriformes, subphylum • Chemical bonds • Chemical bonds, representing • Chemical Context of Life, The • Chemical cycling • Chemical disequilibrium • Chemical equilibria • Chemical history • Chemical signaling • Chemiosmosis • Chemistry for biology • Chemoautotroph • Chemoheterotroph • Chemoheterotrophs, protists are mostly • Chemotaxis • Chemotrophs • Chiasma • Chiasmata • Chilopoda, class • Chimpanzees • Chitin • Chlorophyll • Chlorophyta • Chloroplast • Chloroplast structure, review • Choanocyte • Cholesterol • Chondrichthyes, class • Chordata, phylum • Chordate through tetrapod phylogeny • Chordates • Chromatids, sister • Chromatin • Chromatin • Chromista • Chromista, kingdom • Chromosomal basis for Mendel's laws • Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance, The • Chromosomal rearrangements • Chromosome • Chromosome • Chromosome numbers, human disorders involving changes in • Chromosomes • Chrysophyta • Cilia • Ciliates • Ciliophora • Circulatory system, closed • Circulatory system, open • Cis and trans faces of the golgi • Citric acid cycle • Clade • Cladistics • Cladogenesis • Cladogram • Clams • Class • Class Agnatha • Class Amphibia • Class Aves • Class Bivalvia • Class Cephalopoda • Class Chilopoda • Class Chondrichthyes • Class Diplopoda • Class Gastropoda • Class Hirudinea • Class Insecta • Class Mammalia • Class Oligochaeta • Class Osteichthyes • Class Placodermi • Class Polychaeta • Class Reptilia • Classical conditioning • Classification • Cleavage furrow • Climax community • Clone, indentification of • Cloned DNA, analysis of • Cloning DNA • Cloning vector • Cloning, gene • Closed circulatory system • Club fungi • Cnidaria, phylum • Codominance • Codon, start • Codon, stop • Codons • Codons are a property of mRNA • Codons don't overlap • Codons, no punctuation between • Codons, nonsense • Coefficient of relatedness • Coelomates • Coenocytic • Coenzyme • Coevolution • Cofactor • Cofactors • Cohesion • Collagen • Colonization of Land, Plant Diversity I • Coloration, aposematic • Coloration, cryptic • Commensalism • Commensalism • Communication by direct contact between cells • Community • Community Ecology • Community ecology • Community, climax • Comparative_anatomy • Comparative_embryology • Compartmentalization • Competition, exploitative • Competition, interference • Competition, interspecific • Competition, none • Competitive exclusion • Competitive inhibitors • Complementarity, strand • Complementarity, strand • Complementary DNA • Complete dominance • Complete metamorphosis • Complex, enzyme-substrate • Component, abiotic • Component, abiotic • Compounds, secondary • Concentration gradient, down the • Concentration gradient, solvents moving down the • Condensation reaction • Conditioning, classical • Conditioning, operant • Conformation = function • Conformers • Conidia • Coniferophyta, division • Conjugation • Conservation Biology • Conspecifics • Consumer, primary • Consumer, secondary • Consumers • Consumers, tertiary • Contract, direct, communication • Control of cell division • Control of gene expression in eukaryotes, an overview • Control of gene expression, transcriptional • Control of protein synthesis, negative • Control of protein synthesis, positive • Control, post-translational • Cooling, evaporative • Cooperative behavior • Cooperativity • Coral polyps • Cord, hollow, dorsal, nerver • Corepressed operon • Corepressor • Cotransport • Coupling endergonic and exergonic reactions • Coupling movement toward chemical equilibrium and disequilibrium • Coupling, Energy • Courtship • Covalent bonds • Crabs • Crayfish • Cristae • Critical period • Crop, biomass, standing • Cross • Cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive • Cross, dihybrid • Cross, monohybrid • Cross, test • Cross, trihybrid (and higher) • Cross: XAXA x XaY • Cross: XAXA x XaY • Cross: XAXA x XaY • Cross: XAXA x XaY • Crossing over • Crustacea, subphylum • Cryptic coloration • Cultural evolution • Culture • Curves, survivorship • Cuticle, waxy • Cyanobacteria • Cycle, carbon • Cycle, cell • Cycle, Kreb's • Cycle, nitrogen • Cycle, phosphorous • Cycles, biochemical • Cyclic AMP • Cyclic electron flow (photosynthesis) • Cycling, chemical • Cysternae • Cysts • Cytokinesis • Cytokinesis (1) • Cytokinesis (2) • Cytoplasm • Cytoplasmic determinants • Cytoplasmic inheritance • Cytosine • Cytoskeleton • Cytosol •
D D D D D • Darwin, Charles • Darwinian Fitness • Darwinism as the foundation of biology • Darwinism encompasses two ideas, one explaining the other • Darwinism, evidence of • Darwinism, logic of • Darwinism's historical context • Dating fossils • Dating, absolute • Dating, relative • Death rate • Decomposers • Defense against predation • Defenses, mechanical • Deficiencies, nutritional • Degradation, mRNA • Degradation, protein • Dehydration reaction • Dehydration synthesis • Dehydrogenase • Deletion • Deletion • Demographics • Denaturation • Denitrification • Density, population • Density-dependent factors • Density-independent factors • Deoxyribonucleic acid • Descent with modification • Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life • Determinants, cytoplasmic • Determination • Deuterostome versus protostome • Development • Deviation from expected ratios • Diatoms • Dicots • Dicotyledon • Differentiation • Differentiation, cell • Diffusion • Diffusion, facilitated • Digesting cellulose • Dihybrid cross • Dikaryon • Dinoflagellata • Dinoflagellates • Diphosphate, adenosine • Diploblastic • Diploidy • Diploidy • Diplopoda, class • Direct-contact communication • Directional selection • Disaccharide • Disease and prophage • Disease and provirus • Disease, infectious • Disease, microbial • Disequilibrium, chemical • Disequilibrium, harnessing energy to move toward chemical • Dispersion, patterns of • Displacement, character • Disruptive selection • Disulfide bridges • Diversifying selection • Diversity of reproductive strategies, protists display • Diversity, morphological, prokaryotic • Diversity, species and predation • Division Anthophyta • Division Ascomycota • Division Basidiomycota • Division Bryophyta • Division Coniferophyta • Division Pterophyta • Division Zygomycota • Division, cell • Division, cell • Division, cell, control of • Divisions, fungi • Divisions, plant • DNA • DNA cloning • DNA ligase • DNA ligase • DNA polarity (5' to 3') • DNA polymerase • DNA replication, semiconservative • DNA sequencing • DNA synthesis: (5' to 3') • DNA Technology • DNA, complementary • DNA, recombinant • DNA, structure of • Does evolution fashion perfect organisms • Domain • Domain • Domain, monophyletic = eukaryotes • Domain, three, system • Dominance hierarchies • Dominance relationships • Dominance, complete • Dominance, incomplete • Dominant alleles • Dominant generation, sporophyte as • Dominant, homozygous • Dominant, sex-linked affliction • Dorsal • Dorsal, hollow nerve cord • Dosage compensation • Double helix • Down syndrome • Down the concentration gradient • Down the concentration gradient, solvents • Drift, genetic • Duplication •
E E E E E • E site • Early Earth and the Origin of Life • Earthworms • Echidnas • Echinodermata, phylum • Ecological efficiency • Ecological niche • Ecological species concept • Ecological succession • Ecological succession, primary • Ecological succession, secondary • Ecology • Ecology and the Biosphere, An Introduction to • Ecology, behavioral • Ecology, behavioral • Ecology, Community • Ecology, community • Ecology, ecosystem • Ecology, Hierarchical study of • Ecology, organismal • Ecology, Population • Ecology, population • Ecology, population • Ecosystem • Ecosystem ecology • Ecosystems • Ectoderm • Effect, bottleneck • Effect, founder • Efficiency, ecological • Egg, amniotic • Eight-kingdom system • Electrochemical gradient • Electron acceptor, final • Electron flow, cyclic (photosynthesis) • Electron flow, non-cyclic (photosynthesis) • Electron transport chain • Electron transport system • Electronegativity • Electrons store energy • Electrons, valence • Elements, essential • Eletrophoresis, gel • Elongation (1) • Elongation (2) • Embryology, comparative • Emergent properties • Enantiomers • Endergonic and exergonic reactions, coupling • Endergonic reaction • Endocytosis • Endocytosis, receptor-mediated • Endoderm • Endomembrane system • Endonucleases, restriction • Endoplasmic reticulum • Endoplasmic reticulum, Rough • Endoplasmic reticulum, Smooth • Endosperm • Endosymbiotic theory • Endotoxin • Energy • Energy • Energy coupling • Energy flow • Energy in bonds • Energy transducers, Organisms are • Energy, activation • Energy, electrons store • Energy, heat • Engineering, genetic • Enhancers • Envelope • Enveloped viruses • Envelopes and capsids • Envelopes, cell • Environment • Environmental influence • Enzyme activity • Enzyme activity, physical effects on • Enzyme localization • Enzyme saturation • Enzyme specificity • Enzyme-mediated catalysis, overview • Enzymes • Enzymes, restriction • Enzyme-substrate complex • Epistasis • Equilibrial populations • Equilibrium and disequilibrium, Coupling movement toward chemical • Equilibrium, chemical • Equilibrium, Harnessing movement toward chemical • Equilibrium, punctuated • Equivalence, genomic • ER • ER, rough • ER, smooth • erectus, Homo • Essential elements • Ethology • ETS • Eucaryotic gene anatomy • Eucaryotic segregation of transcription and translation • Euchromatin • Euglenozoa, Kingdom • Eukaryote • Eukaryote control of gene expression, an overview • Eukaryotes = monophyletic domain • Eukaryotes, origin of • Eumetazoa versus parazoa • Evaporative cooling • Events not happening, calculating for • Evidence of Darwinism • Evolution • Evolution in real time • Evolution of metabolic pathways • Evolution of populations, summary • Evolution of Populations, The • Evolution of Seed Plants, Plant Diversity II • Evolution, cultural • Evolution, lack of • Evolution, molecular • Evolution, non-Darwinian • Exclusion, competitive • Exclusion, hydrophobic • Exergonic and endergonic reactions, Coupling • Exergonic reaction • Exocytosis • Exons and introns • Exoskeleton • Exotoxins • Expands permeability but still selectively permeable • Expected ratios, deviation from • Exploitative competition • Explosion, Cambrian • Exponential growth • Expression vector • Extant populations • Extinction, mass • Extracellular matrix •
F F F F F • F1 generation • F2 generation • Facilitated diffusion • Factors, transcription • Facultative anaerobes • Facultative anaerobes • FAD reduction • FADH2 • Family • Family Hominidae • FAP • Fats • Fatty acid • Fatty acid, saturated • Fatty acid, unsaturated • Fecundity • Feedback inhibition • Fermentation • Fern, life cycle of • Fertilization • Fibers, spindle • Filament • Filaments, Intermediate • Filial, first, generation • Filial, second, generation • Final electron acceptor • Final electron acceptor, organic • Finned, fleshy, fish • Finned, ray, fish • First filial generation • Fish, bony • Fish, Cartilaginous • Fish, fleshy-finned • Fish, jawless • Fish, lobe-finned • Fish, modern • Fish, ray-finned • Fission, binary • Fit, induced • Fitness, Darwinian • Fitness, inclusive • Fitness, relative • Five-kingdom system • Fixed action patterns • Fixed allele • Fixed locus • Fixing nitrogen • Flaccidity • Flagella • Flagella • Flagellates • Flatworms • Fleshy-finned fish • Flipping • Flowering plants • Flowers • Flowers in more detail • Fluid mosaic model • Fluid, two-dimensional • Fluidity of membrane proteins • Flukes • Folding, protein • Food chain • Food vacuoles and phagocytosis • Food web • Foot • Foraging • Foraging, optimal • Foraminifera • Forams • Forces, noncovalent • Fork, replication • Form follows function • Fossil record, The • Fossilization • Fossils • Fossils, dating • Foundation of biology, Darwinism as • Founder effect • Four levels of protein structure • Fragment, restriction • Fragments, Okazaki • Frame, reading • Frameshift mutation • Franklin and Wilkins • Free ribosomes • Frequency of recombination • Frequency, gene • Frequency, genotype • Frequency-dependent selection • Frogs • From Gene to Protein • Fruit • Fruiting bodies, Ascomycota • Fruits in more detail • Function, form follows • Functional group, amino • Functional group, carbonyl • Functional group, carboxyl • Functional group, hydroxyl • Functional group, phosphate • Functional group, sulhydryl • Functional groups • Functional groups, hydrophilic • Functions of membrane proteins • Fundamental niche • Fungi • Fungi • Fungi divisions • Fungi, club • Fungi, imperfect • Fungi, sac • Fungi, Zygote • Fungus, generalized life cycle • Furrow, cleavage •
G G G G G • G protein • G2 of interphase • Gametangia, Ascomycota • Gametangium • Gametes • Gametic isolation • Gametophyte • Gametophyte • Gametophyte • Gap phases of interphase • Gastropoda, class • Gastrulation • Gel electrophoresis • Gene • Gene anatomy, eucaryotic • Gene cloning • Gene expression in eukaryotes, control of, an overview • Gene expression, transcriptional control of • Gene flow • Gene frequency • Gene pool • Gene, regulatory • Gene, structural • Gene, what is it? • Genera • Generalized fungal life cycle • Generalized transduction • Generation time • Generation, F1 • Generation, F2 • Generation, first filial • Generation, P • Generation, second filial • Generations, alternation of • Genes • Genetic Basis of Development, The • Genetic bottleneck • Genetic drift • Genetic engineering • Genetic mapping • Genetic recombination • Genetic structure • Genetic variation • Genetic variation • Genetics • Genetics, molecular • Genetics, population • Genome • Genome types • Genomic equivalence • Genomic imprinting • Genotype • Genotype (properties of or impacting on) • Genotype frequencies from allele frequencies, calculating them • Genotype frequency • Genus • Genus Australopithecus • Genus Homo • Geographical barriers • Geographical isolation • Geological time scales • Geometric isomer • Germ layers • Germ line • Germinal layers • Giardia lamblia • Gibbons • Glucose • Glucose stoichiometry (in cellular respiration) • Glucose, complete oxidation of • Glucose, not-yet-complete oxidation of • Glycogen • Glycolysis • Glycolysis, overview • Glycoproteins • Glycosidic linkage • Gnathostomata, Superclass • Golden algae • Golgi apparatus • Golgi, Cis and trans faces of the • Gorillas • G-protein-linked receptors • Gradient, electrochemical • Graininess • Gram-negative bacteria • Gram-negative cell wall • Gram-positive cell wall • Grana • Green algae • Griffith, 1928 • Gross primary productivity • Group selection • Groups, functional • Groups, functional, hydrophilic • Growth, bacterial • Growth, exponential • Growth, logistic • Growth, population • Growth, population, limits on • Guanine • Gut • Gymnosperms •
H H H H H • habilis, Homo • Habitat isolation • Habituation • Hagfish • Haploidy • Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium • Hardy-Weinberg problems, strategies for solving • Harnessing energy to move toward chemical disequilibrium • Harnessing movement toward chemical equilibrium • Heat energy • Helicase • Helix, alpha • Helix,double • Hemolymph • Herbivore • Hereditary material (prokaryotic) • Heredity • Hershey and Chase, 1952 • Heterochromatin • Heteromorphic • Heterosporous • Heterotrophs • Heterotrophs • Heterozygosity • Heterozygote • Heterozygous advantage • Hidden recessives • Hierarchical study of ecology • Hierarchies, dominance • Hierarchy of biological order • High heat of vaporization • High specific heat • Higher taxa • Hirudinea, class • Histones • History, chemical • History, life • Holdfast • Hollow, dorsal, nerve cord • Homeostasis, maintaining • Hominidae, family • Hominids • Hominoidea, superfamily • Hominoids • Homo erectus • Homo habilis • Homo sapiens • Homo, genus • Homologous allele • Homologous chromosomes • Homologous structure • Homologues • Homology • Homosporous • Homozygosity • Homozygote • Homozygous dominant • Homozygous recessive • Hormones • Horseshoe crabs • Host • Host range • How ATP works • Human disorders involving changes in chromosome numbers • Hybrid breakdown • Hybrid fertility, reduced • Hybrid viability, reduced • Hybrid vigor • Hybrid zone • Hybridization, in situ • Hydra • Hydration shells • Hydrocarbon • Hydrogen atoms • Hydrogen bonding • Hydrogen bonds • Hydrogen ions • Hydrogen ions, pumping • Hydrolysis • Hydrolysis, ATP • Hydrophilic • Hydrophilic functional groups • Hydrophilicity • Hydrophobic • Hydrophobic exclusion • Hydrophobicity • Hydroxyl group • Hydroxyl ions • Hypertonic • Hyphae • Hypotonic •
I I I I I • Ice floats • Idenficiation (systematics) • Image search • Impact of prokaryotes • Imperfect fungi • Imploration • Imprinting • Imprinting, genomic • In situ hybridization • Inactivation, mRNA • Inactivation, protein • Inbreeding • Inclusive fitness • Incomplete dominance • Incomplete metamorphosis • Indentification of the proper clone • Independence, statistical • Independent assortment • Independent assortment • Independent assortment • Induced fit • Inducer • Inducible operon • Induction • Infectious disease • Inheritance, cytoplasmic • Inheritance, polygenic • Inhibition, feedback • Inhibitors • Inhibitors, allosteric • Inhibitors, competitive • Inhibitors, noncompetitive • Initiation • Inorganic phosphate • Insecta, class • Insects • Insertion • Insight learning • Integral membrane proteins • Interactions, interspecific • Interactions, noncovalent • Interference competition • Intermediate filaments • Interphase • Interphase I • Interphase II • Interphase, G2 of • Interphase, gap phases of • Interphase, S phase of • Interphase, Synthesis phase of • Interspecific competition • Interspecific interactions • Intrinsic rate of population increase • Introduction to Animal Evolution • Introduction to water • Introgression • Introns and exons • Inversion • Invertebrates • Invertebrates • Invertebrates • Investment, parental • Ion-channel receptors • Ionic bonds • Ions, hydrogen • Ions, hydroxyl • Island biogeography • Isogamy • Isolates, peripheral • Isolation, behavioral • Isolation, gametic • Isolation, geographical • Isolation, habitat • Isolation, mechanical • Isolation, postzygotic • Isolation, reproductive, selection for • Isolation, temporal • Isomer, geometric • Isomers • Isomers, structural • Isomorphic • Isotonic •
J J J J J • Jawless fish • Jaws • Jellyfish • Jointed appendages •
K K K K K • K • Karyogamy • Karyotype • Kin selection • Kinase, protein • Kinase, tyrosine, receptors • Kinesis • Kinetochore • Kinetochore microtubules • Kingdom • Kingdom alveolata • Kingdom Archezoa • Kingdom Chromista • Kingdom euglenozoa • Kingdom Plantae • Kingdom Protista • Kingdom Protista general characteristics • Kingdom Protista phylogenic overview • Kingdom rhodophyta • Kingdom stramenopila • Kingdom, eight, system • Kingdom, five, system • Klinefelter syndrome • Knuckle walking • Kreb's cycle • K-selected populations •
L L L L L • Lac operon • Lack of ambiguity in the triplet code • Lactose • Lagging strand • Lamarck, Jean Baptiste • Lamprey, sea • Lancelets • Landscapes, adaptive • Law of addition • Law of multiplication • Law of segregation • Layers, germ • Layers, germinal • Leading strand • Leaflet, membrane • Learning • Learning, associative • Learning, insight • Learning, observational • Leeches • Level, trophic • Lichens • Life cycle • Life cycle • Life cycle of a fern • Life cycle of a moss • Life cycle of a pine • Life cycle of an angiosperm • Life cycle, fungus, generalized • Life cycle, lysogenic • Life cycle, lytic • Life cycles, algal • Life history • Life, origin of • Ligand • Ligase, DNA • Ligase, DNA • Light reaction of photosynthesis • Light, wavelength of • Lignin • Limited resource, allocation of • Limiting nutrient • Limits on population growth • Linkage • Linkage, sex linked • Linkage, X linked • Linkages, phosphodiester • Linnaeus, Carolus • Lipid bilayer • Lipids • Liquid, water as a • Lobe-finned fish • Lobsters • Local regulator • Loci (plural of locus) • Locus • Locus, fixed • Logic of Darwinism, The • Logic of origin of life • Logistic growth • Low temperature stability • Lumen • Lumen protein, secreted protein, and membrane-protein synthesis • Lyell, Charles • Lysogenic life cycle • Lysosomes • Lytic life cycle •
M M M M M • M phase • Macroevolution • Maintaining homeostasis • Malaria • Malthus, Thomas • Maltose • Mammalia, class • Mammals • Mantle • Mapping, genetic • Marine worms • Marsupials • Mass extinction • Mass extinction and adaptive radiation • Material, hereditary (prokaryotic) • Mating behavior • Mating systems • Mating, assortative • Mating, nonrandom • Mating, random • Matrix, extracellular • Maturation • Mechanical defenses • Mechanical isolation • Mechanistic basis of life • Medusa • Megaspore • Meiosis • Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles • Meiosis I • Meiosis II • Meiosis in detail • Membrane • Membrane asymetry • Membrane leaflet • Membrane potential • Membrane proteins • Membrane proteins, fluidity • Membrane proteins, functions • Membrane proteins, integral • Membrane proteins, peripheral • Membrane Struction and Function • Membrane, nuclear • Membrane, plasma • Membrane-bound organelle • Membrane-protein, lumen protein, and secreted protein synthesis • Membranes, transport across • Mendel and the Gene Idea • Mendel's law of segregation • Mesoderm • Messenger RNA • Messengers, second • Metabolic pathways, evolution of • Metabolic water • Metabolism • Metabolism • Metabolism, Archaebacteria • Metabolism, nitrogen • Metamorphosis • Metamorphosis, complete • Metamorphosis, incomplete • Metaphase • Metaphase I • Metaphase plate • Methionine • Methylation • Microbial disease • Microbial Models: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria • Microevolution • Microfilaments • Microorganisms, relevance • Microorganisms, types of • Microspore • Microtubule, mitotic, nomenclature • Microtubules • Microtubules, kinetochore • Microtubules, nonkinetichore • Migration • Migration • Millipedes • Mimicry, Batesian • Mimicry, Mullerian • Missense mutation • Mites • Mitochondria • Mitochondria • Mitochondrion • Mitosis • Mitosis and multicellularity • Mitotic microtubule nomenclature • Mitotic spindle • Model organisms • Model organisms for the study of development • Modern fish • Modern synthesis • Modes of natural selection • Modification, descent with • Molds • Molecular Basis of Inheritance, The • Molecular biology • Molecular evolution • Molecular genetics • Molecular genetics, central dogma of • Molecular recombination • Molecular systematics • Molecular techniques • Mollusca, phylum • Mollusks • Monkeys • Monocots • Monocotyledon • Monogamous • Monohybrid cross • Monomer • Monophosphate, adenosine • Monophyletic domain = Eukaryotes • Monophyletic taxon • Monosaccharides • Monosomic • Monosomy • Monotremes • Morphogenesis • Morphological diversity, prokaryotic • Morphological species concept • Moss, life cycle of • Motile, protists are mostly • Motility • Moving and timing behaviors • mRNA • mRNA activation/inactivation • mRNA degradation • mRNA processing • mRNA, codons are a property of • Mullerian mimicry • Multicellularity and mitosis • Multiple alleles • Multiplication, law of • Muscles • Muscular, postanal tail • Mushrooms • Mutation • Mutation • Mutation (. . . and yet the only way to change) • Mutation (typically detrimental . . .) • Mutation, bacteria • Mutation, frameshift • Mutation, missense • Mutation, nonsense • Mutation, point • Mutation, silent • Mutualism • Mutualism • Mycelium • Mycorrhizae • Myosin • Myxomycota •
N N N N N • NAD+ reduction • NAD+ regeneration • NADH • NADP+ reduction • Natural selection • Natural selection • Natural selection, action of • Natural selection, modes of • Nature versus nurture • Navigation • Negative control • Negative taxis • Nematoda, phylum • Nerve cord, dorsal, hollow • Net primary productivity • Neutral variation • Niche, ecological • Niche, fundamental • Niche, realized • Nitrification • Nitrogen assimilation • Nitrogen cycle, The • Nitrogen fixing • Nitrogen metabolism • Nitrogenous bases • No evolution • Noncompetitive inhibitors • Noncovalent bonds • Noncovalent forces • Noncovalent interactions • Non-cyclic electron flow (photosynthesis) • Non-Darwinian evolution • Nondisjunction • Nonkinetochore microtubules • Nonrandom mating • Nonsense codons • Nonsense mutation • Norm of reaction • Not happening, events, calculating for • Notochord • Not-yet-complete oxidation of glucose • Nuclear membrane • Nucleic acids • Nucleoid • Nucleolus • Nucleosides • Nucleosome • Nucleotides • Nucleus • Numbers, pyramid of • Nutrient, limiting • Nutritional deficiencies • Nutritional patterns • Nuture versus nature •
O O O O O • O2 reduction • Obligate aerobes • Obligate anaerobes • Obligate tool users • Observational learning • Oil • Okazaki fragments • Oligochaeta, class • Oligosaccharides • One gene-one polypeptide hypothesis • Oogamy • Oomycota • Open circulatory system • Operant conditioning • Operator • Operon • Operon model • Operon, corepressed • Operon, inducible • Operon, lac • Operon, trp • Opportunistic populations • Optimal foraging • Order • Order, biological, hierarch of • Organelle • Organgutans • Organic compound, oxidation of • Organic final electron acceptor • Organismal ecology • Organisms are energy transducers • Organisms, model • Organisms, model, for the study of development • Organization and Control of Eukaryotic Genomes, The • Orientation • Origin of eukaryotes • Origin of life, logic of • Origin of life, The • Origin of self replication, scenario for • Origin of species (C. Darwin) • Origin of Species, The • Origin, prokaryotic • Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity, The • Origins of Metabolic Diversity, Prokaryotes and the • Origins of replication • Osmosis • Ossification • Osteichthyes, class • Ovary • Overview • Ovule • Oxidation • Oxidation of carbon • Oxidation of glucose (complete) • Oxidation of organic compounds • Oxidation of pyruvate • Oxidation of water (photosynthesis) • Oxidation-reduction reactions • Oxidative phosphorylation (1) • Oxidative phosphorylation (2) • Oxidized carbon • Oxidized FADH2 • Oxidized NADH • Oxidizing agent • Oxygen requirements •
P P P P P • P generation • P site • Pairing, base • Paleontology • Paraphyletic taxa • Paraphyletic taxon = protista • Parasitism • Parazoa versus eumetazoa • Parental investment • Parental type • Partitioning, resourse • Passive transport • Passive versus active transport • Pathway, signal transduction • Patterns of dispersion • Patterns, fixed action • PCR • Pedigree analysis • Pedigree graphic representation • Peptide bond • Perfect organisms, does (can) evolution fashion one? • Period, critical • Peripheral isolates • Peripheral membrane proteins • Permeability, selective • Petals • pH • pH buffer • Phaeophyta • Phage • Phage, pro • Phagocytosis • Phagocytosis and food vacuoles • Pharyngeal slits • Phenotype • Phenotype (properties of or impacting on) • Phenotype comparison • Phosphatase, protein • Phosphate group • Phosphate, inorganic • Phosphodiester linkages • Phospholipid • Phospholipids • Phosphorous cycle • Phosphorylation, oxidative (1) • Phosphorylation, oxidative (2) • Phosphorylation, substrate-level • Photoautotroph • Photoheterotroph • Photophosphorylation • Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis, light reaction of • Photosynthesis, overall reaction • Photosynthesis, two reactions of • Photosystems • Phototaxis • Phototrophs • Phyla • Phylogenic overview (Kingdom Protista) • Phylogenies • Phylogeny: chordate through tetrapod • Phylum • Phylum Annelida • Phylum Arthropoda • Phylum chordata • Phylum Cnidaria • Phylum Echinodermata • Phylum Mollusca • Phylum Nematoda • Phylum Platyhelminthes • Phylum Porifera • Phylum Rotifera • Physical distance analog • Physical effects on enzyme activity • Pi • Piloting • Pine, life cycle of • Pinocytosis • Placentals • Placodermi, class • Planktonic • Plant defenses against predation • Plant Diversity I: The Colonization of Land • Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants • Plant divisions • Plant reproduction • Plant terrestrial adaptations • Plantae • Plantae, kingdom • Plants • Plants, flowering • Plasma membrane • Plasma membrane, attachments to • Plasmids • Plasmids, R • Plasmodial slime molds • Plasmodium spp. • Plasmogamy • Plasmolysis • Plasticity of phenotype • Platyhelminthes, phylum • Platypuses • Play • Pleated sheet • Pleiotropy • Ploidy • Point mutation • Polar covalent bond • Polar molecule, water is a • Polarity (5' to 3'), DNA • Pollen • Polyandry • Polychaeta, class • Polygamous • Polygenic inheritance • Polygyny • Polymer • Polymerase chain reaction • Polymerase, DNA • Polymerase, RNA • Polymerization • Polymorphism • Polymorphism, restriction fragment length • Polymorphisms, balanced • Polyp • Polypeptide • Polyphyletic taxa • Polyphyletic taxa = protista • Polyploidy • Polyps, coral • Polysaccharide • Pool, gene • Population • Population density • Population Ecology • Population ecology • Population ecology • Population genetics • Population growth • Population growth, Limits on • Population increase, intrinsic rate of • Population size • Populations, equilibrial • Populations, extant • Populations, K-selected • Populations, opportunistic • Populations, r-selected • Porifera, phylum • Porkaryotes, impact of • Positive control • Positive taxis • Postanal, muscular tail • Posterior • Post-transcriptional control • Post-translational polypeptide modification • Postzygotic isolation • Potential energy • Potential, biotic • Predation • Predation and species diversity • Predation, animal defenses against • Predation, defense against • Predation, plant defenses against • Prezygotic reproductive barriers • Primary consumer • Primary ecological succession • Primary electron acceptor • Primary producer • Primary productivity • Primary productivity, gross • Primary productivity, net • Primary structure • Primase • Primates • Priming, RNA • Principle of allocation • Proabilities, range of • Probability theory • Probability theory: calculating for events not happening • Probability theory: genetics practice problems • Probability theory: law of addition • Probability theory: Law of multiplication • Probability theory: range of probabilities • Probability theory: statistical independence • Problems with the biological species concept • Processing, mRNA • Producer, primary • Product • Product of catabolism: ATP • Productivity, gross primary • Productivity, net primary • Productivity, primary • Productivity, pyramid of • Productivity, secondary • Prokaryote • Prokaryotes and the Origins of Metabolic Diversity • Prokaryotic morphological diversity • Prokaryotic origin • Prometaphase • Promiscuous • Promoter • Promoter binding • Proofreading • Prophage • Prophage and disease •