Bacteriophage Ecology Group
Reference Abstracts (1974)
Dedicated to the ecology and evolutionary biology of the parasites of unicellular organisms (UOPs)
© Stephen T. Abedon
contents | bacteriophage ecology group | top of page
© Phage et al. last updated on Wednesday, December 26, 2001
  1. Bacteriophages of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides: isolation and characterization of a Rhodopseudomonas spheroides bacteriophage. Abeliovich, A., Kaplan, S. (1974). J. Virol. 13:1392-1399. [TOP OF PAGE]

  2. Penetration of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus into host cells. Abram, D., Castro, Chou, D. (1974). J. Bacteriol. 118:663-680. [TOP OF PAGE]

  3. La classification des bactériophage de Bacillus et Clostridium. Ackermann, H.-W. (1974). Pathol. Biol. 22:909 [TOP OF PAGE]

  4. Structure of two phages of Bacillus thuringiensis and B. cereus. Ackermann, H.-W., Smirnoff, W.A., Bilsky, A.Z. (1974). Can. J. Micribiol. 20:29-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  5. The present state of phage taxonomy. Ackermann, H.-W., Eisenstark, A. (1974). Interviriology 3:201-219. [TOP OF PAGE]

  6. Isolation and grouping of RNA phages. VI. A survey in the Okinawa island. Aoi, T., Sakurai, T., Watanabe, I. (1974). J. Keio Med. Soc. 51:337-349. [TOP OF PAGE]

  7. Persisting bacteriophage infections, lysogeny, and phage conversions. Barksdale, L., Ardon, S.B. (1974). Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 28:265-299. Bacteriophages persist in one of two general ways in nature: as prophages of temperate viruses integrated into the bacterial genome [or the closely associated bacterial membrane replicatory system (Gilbert, W., Dressler, D. 1968 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 33:473-84; Jacob, F., Brenner, S., Cuzin, F. 1963. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28:329-48)] or as persistent viral infections (carrier state [footnote: The editors of The Bacteriophage l (Hershey, A. D., Ed. 1971. The Bacteriophage Lambda. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Lab. 792 pp.) have defined carrier as "bacteria that harbor specific phage or other dispensible genetic element. Originally the term designated bacterial cultures that were persistently contaminated with phage but from which uninfected cells could be recovered readily (as opposed to lysogenic ultures)." Here we are using the original definition. We are principally concerned with new findings from nature and what they mean, and so we agree with Hayes who said (Hayes, W. 1968. The Genetics of Bacteria and their Viruses, 448. New York: Wiley. 2nd ed.): "In practice the existence of lysogeny should be judged by rather rigorous criteria of its stability, since interactions of some virulent phages with their hosts may superficially simulate the condition."], pseudolysogeny) in which phage multiplies in a fraction of the bacterial population. Either of these conditions may bring about real and/or apparent changes in characteristic properties of the bacterial population. Such changes may be due to the expression of prophage genes, of vegetative viral genes, or to modifications which lead to the infection of cryptic bacterial genes. They are aall phage conversions. In reviewing the literature on phage conversions we find that persistent bacteriophage infections have sometimes been mistakently equated with lysogeny and that changes found in such pahge-infected populations have been called lysogenic conversions. There seems to be a widespread idea that the mixing of temperate bacteriophage and suitable bacteria has but one outcome: lysogeny. While the lysogenic state is very common in nature, in the laboratory lysogenization is not always the most common outcome of temperate bacteriophage infection. Nor are all temperate phages capable of inducing the lysogenic state. We have therefore felt the need to include here a summary of the characteristics which separate lysogeny from the nonlysogenic perpetuation of phages (persisting bacteriophage infections, pseudolysogeny, carrier states) and to include models from the literature of those changes in bacterial genotype or phenotype which may be associated with each kind of persisting association. [TOP OF PAGE]

  8. Physical characteristics of new coliphages. Berg, G.J., Berryhill, D.L., Borg, T.K. (1974). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 20:637-638. [TOP OF PAGE]

  9. Effect of colloids on the survival of bacteriophages in seawater. Bitton, G., Mithchell, R. (1974). Water Res. 8:227-229. [TOP OF PAGE]

  10. Charakterisierung eines phagenähnlichen Partikels aus Zellen von Nitrobacter I. Wirts-Partikelbiehung und Isolierung. Bock, E., Düvel, D., Peters, K.-R. (1974). Arch. Microbiol. 97:115-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  11. Properties of hybrids between Salmonella phage P22 and coliphage l. Botstein, D., Herskowitz, I. (1974). Nature 251:584-589. [TOP OF PAGE]

  12. Adsorption of bacteriophages specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa R factors RPI and R18822. Bradley, D.E. (1974). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 57:893-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  13. [Distribution of bdellovibrio bacteriovirus in the water of an open reservoir and its role in the processes of self purification]. Bukovskaia, S.N. (1974). Gigiena i Sanitariia 86-88. [TOP OF PAGE]

  14. Arthrobacter globiformis and its bacteriophage in soil. Casida, L.E., Liu, K.C. (1974). Appl. Microbiol. 28:951-959. [TOP OF PAGE]

  15. The isolation of rhapidosomes from the blue-green alga, Spirulina. Chang, H.Y.Y., Allen, M.M. (1974). J. Gen. Microbiol. 18:121-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  16. Near-UV effects on the induction of prophage. Coetzee, W.F., Pollard, E.C. (1974). RADIATION RESEARCH 57:319-331. [TOP OF PAGE]

  17. Genetics of Host-Parasite Interaction. Day, P.R. (1974). Freeman, San Fransisco.[TOP OF PAGE]

  18. Synthesis of indicator strains and density of ribonucleic acid-containing coliphages in sewage. Dhillon, E.K.S., Dillon, T.S. (1974). Appl. Microbiol. 27:640-647. [TOP OF PAGE]

  19. Studies on bacteriophage distribution. IV. Differences in efficiency of indicator strains and temporal variations in phage content of sewage. Dhillon, T.S., Dhillon, E.K.S. (1974). J. Chin. Univ. Hong Kong 2:435-447. [TOP OF PAGE]

  20. Medium for the propagation and assay of lactic and other phages. Douglas, J., Quanber-Agha, A., Phillips, A. (1974). Laboratory Practice 43:103 [TOP OF PAGE]

  21. Interspecies conversion of Chlostridium botulinum type C to Chlostridium novyi type A by bacteriophage. Eklund, M.W., Poysky, F.T., Meyers, J.A., Pelroy, G.A. (1974). Science 186:456-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  22. Evolution of phi-X174. Isolation of four new phi-X-like phages and comparison with phi-X174. Godson, G.N. (1974). Virology 58:272-289. [TOP OF PAGE]

  23. Mycoplasma viruses: isolation, physicochemical, and biological properties. Gourlay, R.N. (1974). CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY 3:315-331. [TOP OF PAGE]

  24. [Dynamic characteristics of interactions between the micropredator Bdellovibrio bacteriovirus and the bacterium-host as a function of their relative initial densities]. Guelin, A., Cabioch, L. (1974). COMPTES RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE L ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. 278:1293-1296. [TOP OF PAGE]

  25. Preliminary characterization of a temperate phage system isolated from marine mud. Hidaka, T., Shirahama, T. (1974). Mem. Fac. Fish. ,Kagoshima Univ. 23:137-148. [TOP OF PAGE]

  26. Isolation of a clear plaque-forming mutant of Escherichia coli for infectivity assay of filamentous phage fd. Ikehara, K. (1974). Virology 62:570-572. [TOP OF PAGE]

  27. Electiveness of repair of plaque-type mutations induced by hydroxylamine in phage kappa of Serratia. Kaplan, R.W., Stoye, H. (1974). Mutation Research 22:95-104. [TOP OF PAGE]

  28. Marine transducing bacteriophage attacking a luminous bacterium. Keynan, A., Nealson, K., Sideropoulos, H., Hastings, J.W. (1974). J. Virol. 14:333-340. [TOP OF PAGE]

  29. Observations on plaque morphology of Pseudomonas pyocynea bacteriophages. Khairallah, S.A. (1974). JOURNAL OF THE EGYPTIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION 49:263-273. [TOP OF PAGE]

  30. Electron microscope heteroduplex study of sequence relations of T2, T4, and T6 bacteriophage DNAs. Kim, J.-S., Davidson, N. (1974). Virology 57:93-111. [TOP OF PAGE]

  31. Studies on the bacteriophage PS-8 of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend) Conn: purification and properties. Knopf, U.C. (1974). ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 46:205-216. [TOP OF PAGE]

  32. [Characteristics of a new strain of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus--an enterobacterial parasite, isolated from the Moscow River]. Komissarova, L.V., Avakian, A.A. (1974). IZVESTIIA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR. SERIIA BIOLOGICHESKAIA 924-927. [TOP OF PAGE]

  33. Bacteriophages as viral pollution indicators. Kott, Y., Roze, N., Sperber, S., Betzer, N. (1974). Water Res. 8:165-171. [TOP OF PAGE]

  34. Lysogenization by bacteriophage lambda. I. Multiplicity dependent phenomena occuring upon infection by lambda. Kourilsky, P., Knapp, A. (1974). Biochimie 56:1517-1523. Lysogenization by bacteriophage l involves at least two multiplicity dependent processes [2, 3]. For the purpose of comparison, other mulitplicity dependent phenomenon which occur upon infection by l have been reviewed. These include the inhibition of host'synthesis [sic] as already described by others [9] and two phenomena which are shown to be multiplicity dependent, host killing by phage unable to replicate and inhibition of cell division. It is also demonstrated that, in at least two cases (lysogenization by phage able to replicate and killing by phage unable to replicate) the multiplicity dependent character disappears at slow cellular growth rates. The significance of these results is discussed with regard to three models which are susceptible to account for multiplicity dependent phenomenon in general. [TOP OF PAGE]

  35. Relationship between strains of Rhizobium japonicum and their bacteriophages from soil and nodules of field-grown soybeans. Kowalski, M., Ham, G.E., Frederick, L.R., Anderson, I.C. (1974). Soil Sci. 118:221-228. [TOP OF PAGE]

  36. ??? Kramer, F.R., Mills, D.R., Cale, P.E., Nishihara, T., Spiegelman, S. (1974). J. Mol. Biol. 89:719-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  37. Isolation and study of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophages in view of their application in epidemiological practice. Krtchmarova-Raitcheva, E. (1974). Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria. [TOP OF PAGE]

  38. Morphology and Ultrastructure of Shigella and Klebsiella bacteriophages. Krzywy, T., Slopek, T. (1974). Polish Medical Publishers, Warsaw.[TOP OF PAGE]

  39. [Physiological characteristics of the interaction of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus with the bacterial host]. Lambina, V.A., Afinogenova, A.V., Konovalova, S.M., Samoilenko, V.A. (1974). IZVESTIIA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR. SERIIA BIOLOGICHESKAIA 204-210. [TOP OF PAGE]

  40. [Quantitative characteristics of the distribution of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in river water]. Lambina, V.A., Chuvil'skaia, N.A., Ledova, L.A., Afinogenova, A.V., Averburg, I.V. (1974). Mikrobiologiia 43:715-720. [TOP OF PAGE]

  41. [Nature of parasitism by Bdellvibrio bacteriovorus, Stolp et Starr gen et sp. nov]. Lambina, V.A., Afinogenova, A.V., Konovalova, S.M., Pechnikov, N.V., Fedorova, A.M. (1974). IZVESTIIA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR. SERIIA BIOLOGICHESKAIA 81-88. [TOP OF PAGE]

  42. Viruse retention and survival in sand. Lefler, D., Kott, Y. (1974). p. ???-??? In Malina, J.F., Jr. and Sagik, B.P. (eds.), Virus Survival in Water and Wastewater Systems. Center for Research in Water Resourses, U. of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas. [TOP OF PAGE]

  43. Binding, eclipse, and penetration of the filamentous bacteriophage M13 in intact and disrupted cells. Marco, R., Jazwinski, S.M., Kornberg, A. (1974). Virology 62:209-223. [TOP OF PAGE]

  44. An example of the use of bacteriophage as a groundwater tracer. Martin, R., Thomas, A. (1974). Journal of Hydrology 23:73-78. [TOP OF PAGE]

  45. Bacteriophage interactions with higher organisms. Merril, C.R. (1974). Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 36:265-272. [TOP OF PAGE]

  46. Virus enumeration and public health assesments in polluted surface water contributions to transmission of virus in nature. Metcalfe, T.G., Wallis, C., Melnick, J.L. (1974). pp. 57-79. In In Malina, J.F.Jr. and Sagik, B.P. (eds.), Virus Survival in Water and Wastewater Systems. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. [TOP OF PAGE]

  47. [Halotolerant forms of Bdellovibrio in the silt and water of Lake Balkhash and the Aral sea]. Mishustin, E.N., Nikitina, E.S., Berezina, F.S. (1974). IZVESTIIA AKADEMII NAUK SSSR. SERIIA BIOLOGICHESKAIA 127-128. [TOP OF PAGE]

  48. Application of viral concentration techniques to field sampling. Moore, B.E.D., Funderburg, L., Sagik, B.P., Malina, J.F., Jr. (1974). p. ???-??? In Malina, J.F., Jr. and Sagik, B.P. (eds.), Virus Survival in Water and Wastewater Systems. Center for Research in Water Resourses, U. of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas. [TOP OF PAGE]

  49. On the distribution of inanimate marks over a linear birth-and-death process. Morgan, B.J.T. (1974). Journal of Applied Probability 11:423-436. [TOP OF PAGE]

  50. ??? Mudd, S., Shayegani, M. (1974). J. Immunol. 236:244-251. [this is cited in Merril et al., 1996 (PNAS 93:3188-3192): "One of the few remaining, but rarely used, applications of phage in treating infectious disease is based on the use of Staphylococcus aureus phage lysates (ref)."]. [TOP OF PAGE]

  51. Isolation and characterization of a temperate bacteriophage specific for Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Mural, R.J., Friedman, D.I. (1974). J. Virol. 14:1288-1292. [TOP OF PAGE]

  52. Isolation of bacteriophage for Caryophanon latum. Nauman, R.K., Wilkie, E.F. (1974). J. Virol. 13:1151-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  53. The occurrence of bacteriophages in the rumen and their influence on rumen bacterial population. Orpin, C.G., Munn, E.A. (1974). Experimentia 30:1018-1020. [TOP OF PAGE]

  54. Charakterisierung eines phagenähnlichen Partikels aus Zellen von Nitrobacter II. Struktur und Grösse. Peters, K.-R. (1974). Arch. Microbiol. 97:129-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  55. A phage typing scheme for Salmonella newport. Petrow, S., Kasatiya, S.S., Pelletier, J., Ackermann, H.-W., Peloquin, J. (1974). Ann. Mikcrobiol. 125A:433-445. [TOP OF PAGE]

  56. Kappa and other endosymbionts in Paramecium aurelia. Preer, J.R., Preer, L.B., Jurand, A. (1974). Bacteriol. Rev. 38:113-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  57. Modification of the interaction between Escherichia coli and bacteriophage in saline sediment. Roper, M.M., Marshall, K.C. (1974). Microb. Ecol. 1:1-13. [TOP OF PAGE]

  58. Partial exclusion between T-even bacteriophages: An incipient genetic isolation mechanism. Russell, R.L., Huskey, R.J. (1974). Genetics 78:989-1014. Conditional lethal mutant systems developed in T-even bacteriophages T2, T4 and T6 have been used to study the partial exclusion which characterizes mixed infections of these phages. In bacteria mixedly infected with T2 and T4, the dominant phage (T4) acts against localized exclusion sensitivity determinants in the genome of the excluded phage (T2). These determinants are clustered near genes controlling early functions; the determinants themselves do not appear among the progeny, but markers located close to them appear infrequently, by recombination. The excluding action of T4 does not depend on the action of any gene so far identified by conditional lethal mutations, not does it depend on differences in DNA glucosylation between infecting phages. Regardless of mechanism, the genetic consequence of this partial exclusion is to limit genetic exchange between T2 and T4 in the region of the genome controlling early functions, while retaining the capacity for extensive exchange in other regions; in short, partial exclusion constitutes a localized genetic isolating mechanism. Related forms of partial exclusion characterize mixed infections of other T-even phages, including those of some phages newly isolated from nature. ["The new T-even-like phages denoted by the prefix RB followed by a number were obtained from Rosina O. Berry, who isolted them from six Long Island sewage treatment plant inlets during her tenure as an Undergraduate Research Participant at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories in the summer of 1964. These phages were selected for their ability to form plaques on Escherichia coli strain B/5 on LT plates, and were subsequently shown to be inactivated by anti-T4 and/or anti-T6 antisera." This paper also discusses the growth of phages T2 and T4 on Shigella dysenteriae.]. [TOP OF PAGE]

  59. Comparitive genetics of the T-even bacteriophages. Russell, R.L. (1974). Genetics 78:967-988. A system of amber mutants has been developed for each of the T-even bacteriophages T2 and T6, to complement those already available in T4. In T2 these mutants identify 52 genes, of which 49 are homologous with T4 genes; in T6 they identify 45 genes, of which r2 have T4 homologs, and an additional one which is homologous to a T2 gene not yet identified in T4. In both T2 and T6, recombination between mutants is characterized by considerable negative interference, which is correctable by a mapping function designed for T4. Recombinational maps of T2 and T6 constructed with these mutants have the same gene order and nearly the same gene spacings as in T4, with the exception of the tail fiber region; T2 and T6 appear to lack a localized recombinational expansion of this region found in T4. Homologous gene products from all three phages are in general interchangeable, with the exception of those from two apparently "co-adapted" tail fiber genes, 37 and 38. The general genetic similarity of all three phages suggests that they are analogous to races of higher organisms, retaining the capacity for genetic exchange despite some clear genetic differences and some incipient isolating mechanisms. [the following is from page 987] The results described above suggest that T2, T4, and T6 are related to one another in the same way as are races of higher organisms; genetic exchange between them is considerable, but there are clear genetic differences. Co-adapted gene pairs have been found, and the genetic diversity they represent is easily rationalized as providing efficient exploitation of diverse ecological niches. The accompanying paper describes what may be an incipient isolating mechanism by which genetic exchange between these phage races is beginning to be limited. [TOP OF PAGE]

  60. Use of combined phages in suppurative-inflammatory diseases. Sakandelidze, V.M., Meipariani, A.N. (1974). Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol. 6:135-136. [TOP OF PAGE]

  61. SOME ASPECTS OF REVERSED CONSERVATIVE PROCESSES, CARRIER-BORNE EPIDEMIC MODELS AND PHAGE MODELS. Saunders, R.H. (1974). STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO. [TOP OF PAGE]

  62. Bioenergetic aspects of bacteriophage replication in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Schmidt, L.S., Yen, H.C., Gest, H. (1974). ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 165:229-239. [TOP OF PAGE]

  63. Is bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase involved in the repair of ultraviolet damage? Schoeni, J.L., Albrecht, I., Drake, J.W. (1974). Virology 59:580-583. ["Reducing the top agar concentration promotes diffusion and increases plaque sizes, often dramatically." Quoted from Carlson and Miller, 1994 (p. 428)]. [TOP OF PAGE]

  64. A turbid plaque-forming mutant of phage P1 that cannot lysogenize Escherichia coli. Scott, J.R. (1974). Virology 62:344-349. [TOP OF PAGE]

  65. The effect of virulence on converting the 0 antigen of Salmonella choleraesuis from 627 to 617 by phage. Smith, H.W., Parsell, Z. (1974). J. Gen. Microbiol. 81:217-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  66. The properties and host range of male-specific bacteriophages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Stanisich, V.A. (1974). J. Gen. Microbiol. 84:332-342. [TOP OF PAGE]

  67. Neutralization of T-even bacteriophage: the role of tail-sheath antigen in indirect neutralization. Stemke, G.W. (1974). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 20:649-655. [TOP OF PAGE]

  68. Chemotaxis in Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. Straley, S.C., Conti, S.F. (1974). J. Bacteriol. 120:549-551. [TOP OF PAGE]

  69. Transfection of non-host bacterial spheroplasts with bacteriophage phi chi 174 DNA. Suzuki, M., Kaneko-Tanaka, Y., Azegami, M. (1974). Nature 252:319-320. [TOP OF PAGE]

  70. Lysogeny among Streptococcus bovis cultures isolated from the rumen of cattle and sheep. Tarakanov, B.V. (1974). Microbiology (USSR) 34:319-320. [TOP OF PAGE]

  71. Isolation, enumeration, and host range of marine Bdellovibrios. Taylor, V.I., Baumann, P., Reichelt, J.L., Allen, R.D. (1974). Archives of Microbiology 98:101-114. [TOP OF PAGE]

  72. Host capsule depolymerase activity of bacteriophage particles active on Klebsiella K20 and K24 strains. Thurow, H., Niemann, H., Rudolph, C., Stirm, S. (1974). Virology 58:306-309. [TOP OF PAGE]

  73. New fungal viruses capable of reproducing in bacteria. Tikhonenko, T.I., Velikodvorskaya, G.A., Bobkova, A.F., Bartoshevich, Yu.E., Lebed, E.P., Chaplygina, N.M., Maksimova, T.S. (1974). Nature 249:454-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  74. [Materials on the study of bacteriophage therapy of deep forms of staphyloderma]. [Russian]. Vartapetov, A.I. (1974). Vestnik Dermatologii i Venerologii 8-11. [TOP OF PAGE]

  75. Bacteriophage survival patterns in a tertiary sewage treatment--aquaculture model system. Vaughn, J.M., Ryther, J.H. (1974). Aquaculture 4:399-406. [TOP OF PAGE]

  76. The making of a phage. Weissmann, C. (1974). FEBS Lett. Suppl. 40:S10-??? [TOP OF PAGE]

  77. Lysogeny in lactobacilli. Yokokura, T., Kodaira, S., Ishiwa, H., Sakurai, T. (1974). J. Gen. Microbiol. 84:277-284. [TOP OF PAGE]

  78. Isolation of bacteriophages of the marine bacterium Beneckea natriegens from coastal salt marshes. Zachary, A. (1974). Appl. Microbiol. 27:980-982. [TOP OF PAGE]

contents | bacteriophage ecology group | top of page

Contact Steve Abedon (microdude+@osu.edu) with suggestions, criticisms,
comments, or anything else that might help make this a better site.