- The importance of bacterial viruses in industrial processes, especially in the dairy industry. Babel, F.J. (1962). Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 4:51-75. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Biological characteristics of enteropathogenic E. coli phages. II. Morphology, adsorption, reproduction and resistance to the action of physico-chemical factors of intestinal 0111 phages. Borisov, L.B., Moguchy, A.M. (1962). Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemol. Immunobiol. ???:77-83. [TOP OF PAGE]
- On the interaction of adsorption cofactors with bacteriophage T2 and T4. Brenner, S., Champe, S.P., Streisinger, G., Barnett, L. (1962). Virology 17:30-39. Bacteriophage T4 is known to require the presence of L-tryptophan for adsorption to its bacterial host. It is shown in this paper that if T4 is incubated with either an antibody specific for the sheath of the phage, or an ionic species of cadmium cyanide that causes contraction of the sheath, the phage particles will thereafter attach to a bacterial surface in the absence of tryptophan. For eithe of these agents to react with the phage, the presence of tryptophan is a necessary condition. Since the specific adsorption sites of the phage for the bacterium are located on the tail fibers, the present results suggest that, in the absence of tryptophan, the tail fibers of T4 are adsorbed to the sheath and are therefore unavailable for interaction with a bacterial surface. The role of tryptophan is then to release the fibers from the sheath surface. ¶ Similar studies on the phage T2H, whose adsorption to bacteria is inhibited by indole, suggest that, for this phage, indole enhances the adsorption of the tail fibers to the sheath. [TOP OF PAGE]
- The extinction of a bacterial colony by phages: A branching process with deterministic removals. Gani, J. (1962). Biometrika 49:272-276. This paper discusses two simple branching models for the extinction of a bacterial colony infected by phages. Their treatment by discrete time Markov chain methods does not appear to lead to simple explicit solutions. However, for one of the branching models a generating function method yields direct solutions for the probabilities of first extinction of the colony, as well as the probability of i survivals. The probability of eventual extinction of the bacteria is considered, and the paper concludes with extensions of the previous results to the case of unequal and random time intervals. [TOP OF PAGE]
- A simple population model for phage reproduction. Gani, J. (1962). Bull. Math. Statist. 10:1-3. In a recent paper on phage crosses, Hershey (1958) has raised a number of interesting problems in population and genetic processes. A very simplified model of phage reproduction may be imagined as follows: at time t=0 let n phage particles be released in a medium containing N>n bacteria, and penetrate (infect) some bacteria, each with a probability 0<p<1 of success. Only the bacteria free of phages reproduce in an ordinary birth-death process with contant parameters l>m>0; meanwhile in any infected bacterium, the number of pahges may be considered to grow in a birst process with parameter a. Wen exactly r phages are produced, the bacterium dies, and releases these particles; they immediately infect more bacteria, and the process continues until all bactreria are killed. We are interested in the time of extinction T of the bacteria. [TOP OF PAGE]
- An approximate stochastic model for phage reproduction in a bacterium. Gani, J. (1962). J. Aust. Math. Soc. 2:478-483. [TOP OF PAGE]
- ??? Hofschneider, P.H. (1962). Z. Naturforsch. 18B:203-??? [TOP OF PAGE]
- Phenotypic alterations in the colonial morphology of Brucella abortus due to bacteriophage carrier state. Jones, L.M., McDuff, C.R., Wilson, J.B. (1962). J. Bacteriol. 83:860-866. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Hydroxymethylcytosine-containing and tryptophan-dependent bacteriophages isolated from city effluents. Kay, D., Fildes, P. (1962). J. Gen. Microbiol. 27:143-146. Bacteriophages were isolated from the effluents of the cities of Oxford and Salisbury. They differ in their host range but are alike in that they contain hydroxymethylcytosine and show dependence on tryptophan for adsorption. These properties, which had been described previously only in the T-group of coliphages, are now shown to be widespread. [TOP OF PAGE]
- The thermal lability of tryptophan-dependent bacteriophages. Kay, D., Fildes, P. (1962). J. Gen. Microbiol. 27:147-153. Bacteriophages which are tryptophan-dependent for adsorption are also sometimes heat-labile in the presence of added tryptophan. The inactivation is due to the discharge of the phage deoxyrobnucleic acid (DNA). This phenomenon is most marked at two different monovalent ion concentrations and it thought to be due to productions of lesions at two different sites on the phage tail. [This study is limited to the characterization of a single mutant of a single isolate so is not terribly widely applicable; I suspect that some of what is going is a selection for increased rate of adsorption to a given host which occurs at the expense of heat stability when in the presence of adsorption cofactors; they also look at the positive effects of divalent cation on increasing heat stability—S.T.A.]. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Mycobacteriophages: their role in tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. Mankiewicz, E., Van Walbeek, M. (1962). Arch. Environ. Health 5:122-128. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Isolation and properties of an RNA containing bacteriophage. Paranchych, W., Graham, A.F. (1962). J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 60:199-208. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Some observations on the role of the coliphages in the number of Escherichia coli in oxidation ponds. Pretorius, W.A. (1962). J. Hyg. Cambridge 60:279-281. [TOP OF PAGE]
- THE EFFECT OF SODIUM-CHLORIDE ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS-PHAGE RELATIONSHIPS. West, B. (1962). The University of Oklahoma. [TOP OF PAGE]
- A model for the kinetics of phage attachment to bacteria in suspension. Yassky, D. (1962). Biometrics 18:185-191. For a system composed of a mixture of 2 suspensions, one of bacteria and the other of phage particles, some approximate kinetic relations are assumed. The ensueing differential equations are solved recursively, yielding a time dependent distribution of the bacteria according to the number of phage particles attached to each of them. This distribution contains no arbitrary parameters. Three linear permissible extrema of two of the parameters are shown to lead to the Binomial, the Geometric and the Poisson distribution as particular or limiting cases. INTRODUCTION: In this paper a model is proposed for some aspects of the kinetics of phage attachment to bacteria in suspension. The model proposed is based on a construction of a set of differential equations describing the rates of change of concentrations of the various possible particles, each consisting of a bacteria with i (0 <= i <= r) attached phage particles. The recursive solution of this set of equations yields a discrete distribution of the bacteria according to the number of phage particles attached to them. This distribution, although it is time-dependent and has a finite set of values, is similar to Greenwood-Yule-Póla's [1920, 1930] Negative Binomial. ¶ Contagious distributions have been classified by Gurland [1958], Beall and Rescia [1953] and ohters, mainly, through the use of compounding procedures. The fact that our assumptions lead to a hypothesis of true contagion, as defined by Feller [1943], has suggested the desirability of direct derivation of the descriptive equations. ¶ Certain assumptions regarding the parameters permit the formulation of simplified equations among which the non-degenerate ones are similar to the Binomial, the Geometric and the Poisson distributions. ¶ Experimental data will be given in a future paper in which fitting the distribution will be discussed. [TOP OF PAGE]
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