- The activation of the bacterial virus T4 by L-tryptophan. Anderson, T.F. (1948). J. Bacteriol. 55:637-649. [TOP OF PAGE]
- The influence of temperature and nutrients on plaque formation by bacteriophages on Escherichia coli strain B. Anderson, T.F. (1948). J. Bacteriol. 55:659-665. At 15 C Escherichia coli strain B, grown on synthetic medium, becomes resistant to some of the viruses that are active on it at 37 C. Stocks and clones of the bacteriophage T4 were assayed on agar containing ammonium lactate as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen (F) and on Difco nutrient agar (N). Parallel sets of plates were incubated at 15 C and at 37 C. On N agar no effects of the temperature of incubation were noted, but on F agar all stocks but one showed efficiences of plaque formation at 14 C that were only 1/100th of those at 37 C. All clones of the virus tested displayed this phenomenon, including those that were efficient in forming plaques on F agar at 37 C. In all cases tested, the efficiency of plaque formation by T4 on F agar at 15 C was brought to unity by the addition to F agar of 20 µ per ml of L-tryptophan, an adsorption cofactor for T4. A comparison of these and previous results suggests that the metabolism of the bacteria in minimal medium furnishes sufficient cofactor for the activation and adsorption of those strains of T4 that are efficient in producing plaques on F at 37 C, but that these amounts of cofactor in many cases are not sufficient at 15 C. A survey of the other viruses in the T set disclosed similar inefficiencies at 15 C in the formation of plaques by our stocks of T1 and T7. These deficiencies were at least partially overcome by the addition of certain amino acids to the F agar. The possibility that the resistance of host cells to viruses is at least in part determined by their metabolism is discussed in the light of these results. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Chemical studies in host-virus interactions. V. Some additional methods of determining nutritional requirements for virus multiplication. Cohen, S.S., Fowler, C.B. (1948). J. Exp. Med. 87:275-282. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Intracellular growth and genetics of bacteriophage. Doermann, A.H., Dissosway, C. (1948). Year Book Carnegie Institute of Washington 48:170-176. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Chemcial studies in host-virus interactions. IV. A method of determining nutritional requirements for bacterial virus multiplication. Fowler, C.B., Cohen, S.S. (1948). J. Exp. Med. 87:259-274. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Etude des bacteriophages typhiques, Vidans les eaux. Guélin, A. (1948). Ann. Inst. Pasteur Paris 75:485-496. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Etude quantitative de bacteriophage de la mer. Guélin, A. (1948). Ann. Inst. Pasteur, Paris 74:104 [TOP OF PAGE]
- Bacterial viruses: Bacteriophages. Hershey, A.D., Bronfenbrenner, J.J. (1948). pp. 147-162. In In Rivers, T.M. (ed.), Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man. J.B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Typing of Salmonella typhimurium by means of bacteriophage. Lilleengen, K. (1948). The Bacteriological Hygenical Department of the Royal Veterinary College, Stockholm. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Protection of Escherichia coli against bacteriophage with citrus pectin. Maurer, F.D., Woolley, D.W. (1948). Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 67:379-383. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Investigation of the origin of water-borne disease [???] bacteriophage. Peso, O.A. (1948). Revta. Obr. Sanit. Nac. , Buenos Aires 22:337-??? [TOP OF PAGE]
- Purification and properties of E. coli bacteriophage T6. Putnam, F.W., Kozloff, L.M., Evans, E.A., Jr. (1948). Federation Proc. 7, 179-179. Study of protein synthesis and nucleoprotein turnover in virus-infected organisms has been initiated using the E. coli bacteriophage system as a model. By differential centrifugation in teh Sharpless supercentrifuge and in the high-speed angle centrifuge, bacteriopahge T6r+ parasitizing E. coli (Strain B) has been isolated in a yield exceeding 8 mg. per liter of crude lysate. For phage purified from nutrient broth medium, the infectivity (gm. N per infectious unit) measured by the plaque count method averaged 10-15.84. Elemential and component analysis, including P partition of the purified phage has been made. Desoxyribonucleic [sic] acid (DNA) is the characteristic nucleic acid. Physical characterization of the purified phage is being undertaken. Factors stimulating or inhibiting virus reproduction in broth or in synthetic (lactate) medium have been studied by the one-step growth curve technique. While common metabolic inhibitors such as cyanide, azide, etc. only partially repress growth or lysis, addition of a cationic detergent (1:10,000) toward the end of hte latent period completely inhibits phage reproduction. Phage containing radioactive phosphorus (infectivity 10-15.75, activity 66 counts/ microgram P) has been isolated from a browth lysate containing 0.46 microcuries P32/ml., and the specific activity of the P fractions measured. Preliminary experiments indicate that the specific activity of the DNA fractions of the phage and the host bacterium are similar. Further radioisotope studies of hte mechanisms of phage synthesis are in progress. [TOP OF PAGE]
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