- The multiplication of bacteriophage in vivo and its protective effects against an experimental infection with Shigella dysenteriae. Dubos, R.J., Straus, J.H., Pierce, C. (1943). J. Exp. Med. 78(20?):161-168. ["Inocultated mice intracerebrally with 106 colony-forming units (cfu) of Shigella dysenteriae, which resulted in an acute cerebritis and meningitis followed by death of 8/8 mice within 2-5 days. Simultaneous intraperitoneal inoculation with 109 plaque-forming units (pfu) of an unpurified phage suspension produced 6/8 animals, while inoculation with a lower dose (105 pfu) protected 2/8 mice. There was evidence that the phages had multiplied in situ in the brain and had crossed the blood-brain barrier as a result of the bacterial infection." Quoted from Barrow & Soothill, 1997]. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Quantitative methods in the study of the phage-antibody reaction. Hershey, A.D., Kalmanson, G., Bronfenbrenner, J.J. (1943). J. Immunol. 46:267-279. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Quantitative relationships in the phage-antiphage reaction: Unity and homogeneity of the reactants. Hershey, A.D., Kalmanson, G., Bronfenbrenner, J.J. (1943). J. Immunol. 46:281-299. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Restoration of activity of neutralized biologic agents by removal of the antibody with papain. Kalmanson, G.M., Bronfenbrenner, J.J. (1943). J. Immunol. 47:387-407. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Electron microscope studies of bacterial viruses. Luria, S.E., Delbrück, M., Anderson, T.F. (1943). J. Bacteriol. 46:57-67. 1. Four strains of bacterial viruses have been studied with the electron microscope. In all cases the particles of virus could be identified on the micrographs. Three of these strains show "sperm-shaped" particles, consisting of a head and a tail. For the fourth strain, a tail is not visible on the micrographs. The particles of one of these viruses show a distinct structure in the head. The particle sizes agree well with the sizes inferred by some of the indirect methods. ¶ 2. The interaction between the virus and its host has been studied in detail in the case of two viruses which act upon the same strain of Escherichia coli. The micrographs demonstrate the adsorption of virus on the host and, after the predicted time, the lysis of the host with the liberation of virus particles of the infecting type. There is quantitative agreement between the numbers of particles visible on the micrographs and the numbers predicted on the basis of growth experiments for which plaque count assays were used. Along with the virus particles, the lysing cells shed photoplasmic material of uniform granular structure. The size of these granule is much smaller than that of the viruses and is independent of the virus under whose influence the bacterium is lysed. ¶ 3. Upon lysis the virus particles are liberated from the interior of the bacterial cell, for they are not visible on its surface up to the moment of lysis. In cases of multiple infection, the infecting particles of virus, or at least the majority of them seem not to enter the cell but to remain attached to the outside of the bacterial cell-wall. ¶ 4. The bearing of these results on the problems of the nature of viruses and of their systemic position is dicussed. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Mutations of bacteria from virus sensitivity to virus resistance. Luria, S.E., Delbrück, M. (1943). Genetics 28:491-511. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Bacteriophagy in the developing chick embryo. Rakieten, T.L., Rakieten, M.L. (1943). J. Bacteriol. 45:477-484. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Biochemical studies on the phenomenon of virus reproduction. I. Amino acids and the multiplication of bacteriophage. Spizizen, J. (1943). J. Infect. Dis. 73:212-221. [TOP OF PAGE]
- Protective action of VI bacteriophage in Eberthella typhi infections in mice. Ward, W.E. (1943). J. Infect. Dis. 72:172-176. Mice were infected, by use of he mucin technic, with strains of Eberthella typhi in the Vi phase. Blood stream invasion occurred within an hour following injection. It was possible to protect more than 90% of infected mice when intravenous specific bacteriophage treatment was instituted within 4 hours following infection. Nontreated mice and mice treated with nonspecific bacteriophage showed a mortality approaching 100%. ¶ Titrations on the heart blood from specifically treated animals showed an increase in bacteriophage concentration over a period of several hours with detectable phage present for more than 60 hours. Bacteriophage disappeared in a very few hours from the blood of infected miced treated with bacteriophage not active for the infecting strain. ¶ Treated mice were healthy carriers of the infecting organisms for about one month after infection. However, in many cases these organisms were in the degraded or W form. [TOP OF PAGE]
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