Botany in the Pre-college Classroom:
Setting Up Professional Development
Workshops for K-12 Teachers

Saturday, July 31, 2004 
Botanical Society of America Forum

D. Timothy Gerber, University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse
and David W. Kramer, Ohio State University at Mansfield


 
Planning the Teacher Workshop

 
1.  Gather information about
  • national and state science standards  [NOTE: without a connection to science standards, teachers will not attend your workshop no matter how attractive it might be otherwise.]
  • science curriculum for the school system(s) you wish to serve
  • proficiency tests
    • most state departments of education post sample proficiency tests on their web sites
  • student demographics (urban, suburban, rural, etc.) of your school district(s)
  • resources available in the schools you wish to serve
  • science equipment, supplies, specimens, etc.
  • technology tools 
2.  Based on what you have learned, re-examine your own goals and your department's or institution's goals for getting involved.
  • improve relations with local school systems
  • professional development of local teachers, many of whom might be your alumni
  • improve science literacy of the students entering your classes
  • contribute to the national goal of improving science education
  • your own promotion and tenure  Think again!
  • other
3.  Make a preliminary decision about the teachers you wish to serve
  • pre-service teachers or in-service teachers or both
  • grade levels.  Schools usually think in terms of 
    • K-4 (elementary)
    • 5-8 (middle)
    • 9-12 (secondary)
    • post-secondary [Don't forget the junior colleges, community colleges:  More than half of post-secondary introductory biology enrollments are in these institutions.  Their faculty members carry heavy teaching loads and need your support in keeping abreast of scientific discoveries.]
4.  BEFORE YOU GO FURTHER:  Invite 3-5 teachers from your target population to form an advisory committee to assist you in planning and developing (and perhaps recruiting and presenting) your workshop.  All of the following planning steps should involve the advisory committee.
5. Set goals for the workshop participants.  [Note:  These decisions will determine who plans and delivers the workshop:  scientists, or science educators, or both.]
  • content (both facts and concepts)
  • pedagogy
    • developmentally appropriate hands-on activities
    • cooperative learning
    • curriculum integration
    • appropriate use of technology [broadly defined to include microscopes, cameras, balances, pH meters, plant presses (!) in addition to computers]
    • authentic assessment
  • content and pedagogy
6.  Scheduling
  • summer vs. during school year (or both)
  • one week?  two weeks?  longer?  weekends?
  • mornings?  afternoons?  both?
7.  Credit?  Non-credit?  Continuing Education Units (CEU's)?
  • answer relates to funding issues as well as academic issues
  • answer may also determine whether scientists do the workshop alone (science credit) or teamed with science educators (education credit)
  • if you want to give science credit, check early to see if there is an appropriate course already in your curriculum.  Getting approval for a course may take time, especially if you are asking a science department to give credit for a teacher workshop.
8.  Presentation format
  • lectures
    • usually to be avoided except in special circumstances.  Lectures that might be appropriate at the college level probably do not model the kind of instruction that is best employed at lower levels.
  • participation by 
    • individuals
    • groups (cooperative learning)
  • hands-on, activity-based instruction
  • distance learning (web-enhanced or web-based) / synchronous or asynchronous
  • some combination of the above
9.  Expected outcomes
  • improve instruction (develop or revise lesson plans, centers, introduce more hands-on learning, integrate technology, etc.)
  • revise curriculum (integrate curriculum, add new courses, design new units, design enrichment units, etc.)
  • change the school culture as regards science instruction
  • create a support system for teachers
  • improve student achievement
10. Recruitment and Admission
  • individuals (better for secondary and higher levels)
  • teams of teachers/principals/librarians from schools (better for elementary and middle schools)
  • [Note:  If you really want to influence change in a curriculum, you need to train teams of teachers.  Individual teachers may not succeed in changing a school but a team can be very persuasive and mutually supportive.]
11. Funding:  Expenses
  • instructor(s)
  • assistants (preparators and/or instructional)
  • tuition/fees for participants
    • Yes, this might be an expense instead of income!  Many teachers expect to get free tuition for these workshops or perhaps even a stipend!
  • printing/duplicating
    • alternative:  put the materials on CD-ROM or web or both (but these have costs, too)
  • equipment and supplies
    • for your workshop
    • for teachers to take back to their schools for implementation
  • field trip(s)
    • transportation, admission fees, food/drink
12. Funding:  Income
  • institutional sources
    • existing operating budget
    • in state-supported institutions, additional state subsidy earned from credit instruction
  • participants
    • tuition (credit vs. non-credit)  But, note above that tuition might be an expense rather than income!
    • fees (lab fees)
    • schools sending teams of students might be asked to pay a fee which would cover (fully or partially) the cost of equipment that would be taken back to the school
  • grants (general support, equipment only, supplies, in-kind, etc.)
    • local (easiest to obtain but usually small amount of money)
    • state (more difficult to obtain, larger amount of money)
    • federal (most difficult to obtain, large amount of money; usually require uniqueness that can serve as a national model)
13. Evaluation
  • of participants
    • traditional testing (rare in workshop situations)
    • portfolios (journals, assignments, projects, etc.)
  • of the workshop itself
    • formative (to shape and improve the workshop in its developmental stages)
    • summative (evaluation by participants at end of workshop or several weeks/ months/ years later
14.  Products

  • all materials prepared by scientists and by teacher participants should be publishable (in print or digitally or on the Internet)
    • everyone should keep track of sources and copyright of all text and images incorporated in all products
  • take legally required steps to obtain release for publication
    • permission of children (parental permission) and teachers in photos
    • art work, digital photos, and other intellectual property
  • get help from your institution's legal staff
15. Follow-up
  • publish a list of phone and e-mail addresses of participants so they can contact and support one another
  • establish a "hot line" by phone or e-mail so teachers can contact you
  • set up web-based bulletin boards, chat rooms
  • visit schools to assist implementation and to interact with students of the participants
  • plan a retreat about 6 months after the workshop so participants can share their experiences and get further assistance
  • be sure to collect statements from participants about the ways your workshop influenced their attitudes toward science and their teaching of science.  These statements can be used in grant applications for future workshops.
Go Back to Workshop Agenda
Premises
Alternatives
Planning
Examples:  The Teacher Academy at OSU Mansfield The Tulip Project at UW LaCrosse