Bacteriophage Ecology Group
References (1990-1994)
Dedicated to the ecology and evolutionary biology of the parasites of unicellular organisms (UOPs)
© Stephen T. Abedon
contents | bacteriophage ecology group | top of page
© Phage et al. last updated on Wednesday, December 26, 2001
  1. The Evolutionary Biology of Viruses. Anonymous (1994). Raven Press, Ltd., New York.[no abstract]

  2. Survival of enteric viruses on environmental fomites. Abad, F.X., Pinto, R.M., Bosch, A. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:3704-3710. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  3. Disinfection of human enteric viruses in water by copper and silver in combination with low levels of chlorine. Abad, F.X., Pinto, R.M., Diez, J.M., Bosch, A. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2377-2383. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  4. Specificity of bacteriophages of Pseudomonas solanacearum. Abdullah, H. (1994). Phytopathology 84:1069

  5. Lysis and the interaction between free phages and infected cells. Abedon, S.T. (1994). p. 397-405. In J.D. Karam (ed.), (eds) The Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4. ASM Press, Washington, DC.[PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  6. PID, a new member of the P1 bacteriophage group. Ackermann, H.-W., Reynaud, A., Gayerie, M.C. (1994). Can. J. Microbiol. 40:63-67. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  7. Classification of Acinetobacter phages. Ackermann, H.-W., Brochu, G., Emadi Konjin, H.P. (1994). Arch. Virol. 135:345-354. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  8. New Bacillus bacteriophage species. Ackermann, H.-W., Azizbekyan, R.R., Emadi Konjin, H.P., Lecadet, M.-M., Seldin, L., Yu, M.X. (1994). Arch. Virol. 135:333-344. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  9. Bacteriophages from Bombyx mori. Ackermann, H.-W., Auclair, P., Basavarajappa, S., Emadi Konjin, H.P., Savanurmath, C. (1994). Arch. Virol. 137:185-190. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  10. Evolutionary factors influencing the nature of parasite specificity. Adamson, M.L., Caira, J.N. (1994). Parasitology 109(SUPPL.):S85-S95 [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  11. Characterization of a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) rhizobiophage and its effects on cowpea nodulation and growth. Ahamd, M.H., Morgan, V. (1994). Biology and Fertility of Soils 18:297-301. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  12. Period dependent selection in continuous culture of viruses in a periodic environment. Aita, T., Husimi, Y. (1994). J. Theor. Biol. 168:281-289. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  13. Adsorption and growth characteristics of some lactic phages. Akcelik, M. (1994). Turkish Journal of Biology 18:155-160. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  14. Recovery of somatic coliphages in shellfish. Albert, M., Vannesson, C., Schwartzbrod, L. (1994). Water Science and Technology 31:453-456. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  15. A direct membrane filter method for enumerating somatic coliphages in drinking water. Alonso, M.C., Sanchez, J.M., Morinigo, M.A., Borrego, J.J. (1994). Microbiologia (Madrid) 10:285-296. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  16. Bacteriophage-like particle of Rochalimaea henselae. Anderson, B., Goldsmith, C., Johnson, A., Padmalayam, I., Baumstark, B. (1994). Molecular Microbiology 13:67-73. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  17. On the generation of genetic diversity in microorganisms. Arber, W. (1994). Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy Part B Biological Sciences 60:357-363. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  18. Stand der Forschung bei der Untersuchung der Phagen Problematik in biotechnologischen Prozessen der Lebensmittelfermentation. Arendt, E.K., Fitzgerald, G.F., Coffey, A., Hammes, W.P. (1994). Lebensmitteltechnik 6:40-44. [no abstract]

  19. Cultivation of Leishmania braziliensis in an economical serum-free medium containing human urine. Armstrong, T.C., Patterson, J.L. (1994). Journal of Parasitology 80:1030-1032. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  20. Modeling the role of viral disease in recurrent phytoplankton blooms. Beltrami, E., Carroll, T.O. (1994). Journal of Mathematical Biology 32:857-863. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  21. Characterization of thirteen Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. saprophyticus bacteriophages. Bes, M. (1994). Research in Virology 145:111-121.

  22. New pyruvylated, glycosylated acyltrehaloses from Mycobacterium smegmatis strains, and their implications for phage resistance in mycobacteria. Besra, G.S., Khoo, K.H., Belisle, J.T., McNeil, M.R., Morris, H.R., Dell, A., Brennan, PJ (1994). Carbohydrate Research 251:99-114. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  23. Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics. Birge, E.A. (1994). Springer-Verlag, New York.[no abstract]

  24. Phage F-116 transduction of antibiotic resistance from a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Blahova, J., Hupkova, M., Krcmery, V.S. (1994). JOURNAL OF CHEMOTHERAPY 6:184-188. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  25. Viruses and the microbial loop. Bratbak, G., Thingstad, T.F., Heldal, M. (1994). Microb. Ecol. 28:209-221. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  26. Distinct Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophages share an extremely conserved DNA fragment. Brussow, H., Probst, A., Fremont, M., Sidoti, J. (1994). Virology 200:854-857. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  27. Detection and classification of Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophages isolated from industrial milk fermentation. Brussow, H., Fremont, M., Bruttin, A., Sidoti, J., Constable, A., Fryder, V. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4537-4543. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  28. Comparative molecular biology of lambdoid phages. Campbell, A. (1994). Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 48:193-222. [no abstract]

  29. Enumerating phage. Carlson, K., Miller, E.S. (1994). p. 427-429. In J.D. Karam (ed.), (eds) Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4. ASM Press, Washington, DC.[PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  30. Working with T4. Carlson, K., Miller, E.S. (1994). p. 421-426. In J.D. Karam (ed.), (eds) Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4. ASM Press, Washington, DC.[no abstract]

  31. General procedures. Carlson, K., Miller, E.S. (1994). p. 427-437. In J.D. Karam (ed.), (eds) Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4. ASM Press, Washington, DC.[no abstract]

  32. On the specificity of a bacteriophage-borne endoglycanase for the native capsular polysaccharide produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae SK1 and its derived polymers. Cescutti, P., Paoletti, S. (1994). Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 198:1128-1134. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  33. Microbiological quality of shellfish-growing waters in Chesapeake Bay. Chai, T.-J., Han, T.-J., Cockey, R.R. (1994). Journal of Food Protection 57:229-234. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  34. Growth of Legionella pneumophila in Acanthamoeba castellanii enhances invasion. Cirillo, J.D., Falkow, S., Tompkins, L.S. (1994). Infect. Immun. 62:3254-3261. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  35. ??? Cirillo, M.R., Trigg, M.E., Merril, C.R. (1994). Infect. Immun. 62:3254-3261. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  36. The red queen reigns in the kingdom of RNA viruses. Clarke, D.K., Duarte, E.A., Elena, S.F., Moya, A., Domingo, E., Holland, J. (1994). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:4821-4824. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  37. A comparison between the Most Probable Number (MPN) method and direct counting for the determination of anti-E. coli bacteriophages. Contato, E., Mirolo, G., Garasto, G., Tampieri, M.L., Tuffanelli, A., Sartea, A., Bucci, G. (1994). Igiene Moderna 101:801-808. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  38. T4 phage evolution data in terms of a time-dependent topal- fresco mechanism. Cooper, W.G. (1994). Biochemical Genetics 32:383-395. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  39. Bacteriophages presence in human faeces of healthy subjects and patients with gastrointestinal disturbances. Cornax, R., Morinigo, M.A., Gonzalez-Jaen, F., Carmen, A., Borrego, J.J. (1994). Zentralblatt Fuer Bakteriologie 281:214-224. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  40. Synergistic action of near-UV and phenylalanine, tyrosine or tryptophan on the inactivation of phage T7: role of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Craggs, J., Kirk, S.H., Ahmad, S.I. (1994). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 24:123-128. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  41. New technologies in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Crawford, J.T. (1994). SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS 9:62-70.

  42. Phenotypic consequences of altering the copy number of abiA, a gene responsible for aborting bacteriophage infections in Lactococcus lactis. Dinsmore, P.K., Klaenhammer, T.R. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1129-1136. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  43. Bacteriophage: A smart alternative to antibiotics? Dixon, B. (1994). p. 190-192. In Anonymous (eds) The Power Unseen. W.H.Freeman/Spektrum, Oxford, UK.[no abstract]

  44. Reduction of some bacteria and bacteriophages in secondary effluent by microfiltration in a pilot plant. Dizer, H., Althoff, W., Bartocha, W., Dorau, W., Grohmann, A., Lopez-Pila, J.M., Seidel, K. (1994). Zentralblatt fuer Hygiene und Umweltmedizin 196:23-37. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  45. The evaluation of the hygienic and sanitary quality of water from private shallow wells situated in an urban area of south-eastern Brazil: A comparison between the use of coliphages and bacterial indicators of fecal pollution. Do Amaral, L.A., Rossi, O.D.Jr., Nader Filho, A., Alexandre, A.V. (1994). Revista de Saude Publica 28:345-348. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  46. Subclonal component of consensus fitness in an RNA virus clone. Duarte, E.A., Novella, I.S., Ledesma, S., Clarke, D.K., Elena, S.F., Domingo, E., Holland, J.J. (1994). J. Virol. 68:4295-4301. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  47. [Bacteriophage lambda:lux: design and expression of bioluminescence in E. coli cells]. Duzhii, D.E., Zavil'gel'skii, G.B. (1994). Molekuliarnaia Genetika, Mikrobiologia, i Virusologa 36-38.

  48. Evolution of Infectious Disease. Ewald, P.W. (1994). Oxford University Press, New York.[no abstract]

  49. Genetic variation and evolution of bacteriophages of lactobacilli. Forsman, P. (1994). Acta Universitatis Ouluensis Series a Scientiae Rerum Naturalium 1-39. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  50. Use of bacteriophage for identification of Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens. Forster, R.L., Strausbaugh, C.A., Lemattre, M., Freigoun, S., Rudolph, K., Swings, J.G. (1994). Colloques de l'INRA 421

  51. Polymorphism of bacterial restriction-modification systems: The advantage of diversity. Frank, S.A. (1994). Evolution 48:1470-1477. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  52. Phage sensitivity in relation to pathogenicity and virulence of the cotton bacterial blight pathogen of Sudan. Freigoun, S.O., El Faki, H.I., Gelie, B., Schirmer, M., Lemattre, M. (1994). Plant Pathology (Oxford) 43:493-499.

  53. Relationship between phage sensitivity and pathogenicity in Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. Freigoun, S.O., Abdel, R., Elfaki, H.I., Omer, M.E., Lemattre, M., Freigoun, S., Rudolph, K., Swings, J.G. (1994). Colloques de l'INRA 109

  54. Population biology of virus-host interactions. Garnett, G.P., Antia, R. (1994). p. 51-73. In S.S. Morse (ed.), (eds) The Evolutionary Biology of Viruses. Raven Press, Ltd., New York.[no abstract]

  55. New developments in fungal virology. Ghabrial, S.A. (1994). Adv. Virus Res. 43:303-388. [no abstract]

  56. Gene transfer among bacteria under conditions of nutrient depletion in simulated and natural aquatic environments. Goodman, A.E., Marshall, K.C., Hermansson, M. (1994). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 15:55-60. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  57. Virus coagulation in aqueous environments. Grant, S.B. (1994). Environmental Science & Technology 28:928-933. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  58. Effect of gamma irradiation on shelf life and bacterial and viral loads in hard-shelled clams (Mercenaria mercenaria). Harewood, P., Rippey, S., Montesalvo, M. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2666-2670. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  59. Receptor recognition by T-even type coliphages. Henning, U., Hashemolhosseini, S. (1994). p. 291-298. In J.D. Karam (ed.), (eds) The Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4. ASM Press, Washington, DC.[no abstract]

  60. Gene transfer in the marine environment. Hermansson, M., Linberg, C. (1994). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 15:47-54. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  61. In situ replication studies of somatic and male-specific coliphages in a tropical pristine river. Hernandez-Delgado, E.A., Toranzos, G.A. (1994). Water Science and Technology 247-250. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  62. Population dynamics of phage-host interactions and phage conversion of streptomycetes in soil. Herron, P.R., Wellington, E.M.H. (1994). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 14:25-32. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  63. Population and persistence of Zag-1 phage and cowpea Rhizobium in two sterile soils. Hussein, M.E., El-Hawa, M.E.A., El Dydamony, G. (1994). Egyptian Journal of Microbiology 29:271-283. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  64. Field evaluation of two colorimetric coliphage detection methods. Ijzerman, M.M., Falkinhami, J.O.L., Reneau, R.B.Jr., Hagedom, C. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:826-830. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  65. Development and evaluation of a colorimetric coliphage assay detection system. Ijzerman, M.M., Hagedorni, C.I., Reneau, R.B., Jr. (1994). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Water Resources Research Center Bulletin I-VII [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  66. Seasonal and diel abundance of viruses and occurrence of lysogeny/bacteriocinogeny in the marine environment. Jiang, S.C., Paul, J.H. (1994). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 104:163-172. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  67. Isolation and characterization of V. furnissii phage [Korean]. Ju, J.W. (1994). Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 29:685-697. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  68. Some characteristics of virulent bacteriophages isolated from Pseudomonas solanacearum-infested soil [Japanese]. Kakutani, K., Toyoda, H., Goto, S., Ouchi, S. (1994). Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 60:531-534. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  69. Host range, morphology and DNA restriction patterns of bacteriophage isolates infecting Rhizobium leguminosarum Bv. trifolii. Kankila, J., Lindstrom, K. (1994). Soil Biol. Biochem. 26:429-437. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  70. Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4. Karam, J.D. (1994). ASM Press, Washington, DC.[no abstract]

  71. Inactivation of Q by potasium ferrate. Kazama, F. (1994). FEMS Microbiol. Let. 118:345-350. [no abstract]

  72. Trichomonas vaginalis with a double-stranded RNA virus has upregulated levels of phenotypically variable immunogen mRNA. Khoshnan, A., Alderete, J.F. (1994). J. Virol. 68:4035-4038. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  73. Evidence for phage-mediated gene transfer among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains on the phylloplane. Kidambi, S.P., Ripp, S., Miller, R.V. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:496-500. [no abstract]

  74. Host determination of viral evolution: A variable tautology. Kilbourne, E.D. (1994). p. 253-271. In S.S. Morse (ed.), (eds) The Evolutionary Biology of Viruses. Raven Press, Ltd., New York.[no abstract]

  75. A New Synechococcus Cyanophage from a Reservoir in Korea. Kim, M., Choi, Y.-K. (1994). Virology 204:338-342. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  76. Measurements of UV-B radiation in two freshwater lakes: An instrument intercomparison. Kirk, J.T.O., Hargreaves, B.R., Morris, D.P., Coffin, R.B., David, B., Frederickson, D., Karentz, D., Lean, D.R.S., Lesser, M.P. (1994). Ergebnisse der Limnologie/Advances in limnology 43:71-99. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  77. Inducible cell lysis system for the study of natural transformation and environmental fate of DNA released by cell death. Kloos, D.U., Stratz, M., Guttler, A., Steffan, R.J., Timmis, K.N., phenom: lysis (1994). J. Bacteriol. 176:7352-7361. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  78. A long lytic cycle in filamentous phage Cf1tv infecting Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. Kuo, T.-T., Chiang, C.-C., Chen, S.-Y., Lin, J.-H., Kuo, J.-L. (1994). Archives of Virology 135:253-264. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  79. Rapid detection of Clavibacter toxicus and of its bacteriophage responsible for annual ryegrass toxicity in Australia and the effect of selected herbicides on toxin production. Kurtboke, D.I. (1994). Actinomycetes 5:31-39.

  80. Effects of bacterial growth conditions and physiology on T4 infection. Kutter, E., Kellenberger, E., Carlson, K., Eddy, S., Neitzel, J., Messinger, L., North, J., Guttman, B. (1994). p. 406-418. In J.D. Karam (ed.), (eds) The Molecular Biology of Bacteriophage T4. ASM Press, Washington, DC.[PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  81. [Bacteriophage therapy in the treatment of recurrent subphrenic and subhepatic abscess with jejunal fistula after stomach resection]. [Polish]. Kwarcinski, W., Lazarkiewicz, B., Weber-Dabrowska, B., Rudnicki, J., Kaminski, K., Sciebura, M. (1994). Polski Tygodnik Lekarski 49:535-535. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  82. Vphi-AAU2, a temperate bacteriophage specific for 'Arthrobacter aureus', whose integrative functions work in other corynebacteria. Le Marrec, C., Michotey, V., Blanco, C., Trautwetter, A. (1994). Microbiology (Reading) 140:3071-3077. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  83. The evolution of virulence in parasites and pathogens reconciliation between two competing hypotheses. Lenski, R.E., May, R.M. (1994). J. Theor. Biol. 169:253-265. [no abstract]

  84. F-specific bacteria as an indicator of human viruses in natural waters and sewage effluent in northern New Zealand. Lewis, G.D. (1994). Water Science and Technology 31:231-234. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  85. Taxonomical classification of 20 newly isolated Listeria bacteriophage by electron microscopy and protein analysis. Loessner, M.J., Estela, L.A., Zink, R., Scherer, S. (1994). Intervirology 37:31-35. [no abstract]

  86. Effect of distance from the polluting focus on relative concentrations of Bacteroides fragilis phages and coliphages in mussels. Lucena, F., Lasobras, J., McIntosh, D., Forcadell, M., Jofre, J. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2272-2277. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  87. Effects of biocides on MS2 and K coliphages. Maillard, J.-Y., Beggs, T.S., Day, M.J., Hudson, R.A., Russell, A.D. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 3:849-853. [no abstract]

  88. Viral and bacterial dynamics in Arctic sea ice during the spring algal bloom near Resolute, N.W.T., Canada. Maranger, R., Bird, D.F., Juniper, S.K. (1994). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 111:121-127. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  89. Phage-host interactions in soil. Marsh, P., Wellingron, E.M.H. (1994). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 15:99-108. [no abstract]

  90. Isolation of virus capable of lysing the Brown Tide microalga, Aureococcus anophagefferens. Milligan, K.L.D., Cosper, E.M. (1994). Science 266:805-807. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  91. Evolution of a lytic bacteriophage via DNA acquisition from the Lactococcus lactis chromosome. Moineau, S., Pandian, S., Klaenhammer, T.R. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1832-1841. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  92. Toward an evolutionary biology of viruses. Morse, S.S. (1994). p. 1-28. In S.S. Morse (ed.), (eds) The Evolutionary Biology of Viruses. Raven Press, Ltd., New York.[no abstract]

  93. Marine viral ecology: Incorporation of bacteriophage into the microbial planktonic food web paradigm. Murray, A.G., Eldridge, P.M. (1994). Journal of Plankton Research 16:627-641. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  94. Virus-like particles in Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae): a possible red tide disintegration mechanism. Nagasaki, K., Ando, M., Imai, I., Itakura, S., Ishida, Y. (1994). Mar. Biol. 119:307-312. [no abstract]

  95. Viral mortality in the final stage of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) red tide. Nagasaki, K., Ando, M., Itakura, S., Imai, I., Ishida, Y. (1994). J. Plankton Res. 16:1595-1599. [no abstract]

  96. Experiments on the possible role of leeches as vectors of animal and human pathogens: a light and electron microscopy study. Nehili, M., Ilk, C., Mehlhorn, H., Ruhnau, K., Dick, W., Njayou, M. (1994). Parasitology Research 80:277-290. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  97. The Kinetics of Batch Ultraviolet Inactivation of Bacteriophage MS2 and Microbiological Calibration of an UV Pilot Plant. Nieuwstad, T.J., Havelaar, A.H. (1994). Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A Environmental Science and Engineering 29:1993-2007. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  98. Subtidal volume fluxes, nutrient inputs and the brown tide – an alternative hypothesis. Nixon, S.W., Granger, S.L., Taylor, D.I., Johnson, P.W., Buckley, B.A. (1994). Estuar. Coast Shelf Sci. 39:303-312. [no abstract]

  99. Polyagglutinable Pseudomonas aeruginosa from cystic fibrosis patients. A survey. [Review] [233 refs]. Ojeniyi, B. (1994). APMIS Supplementum. 46:1-44. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  100. Removal of influenza a virus, phage T1, and PP7 from fluids with a Nylon 0.04-mu-M membrane filter. Oshima, K.H., Highsmith, A.K., Ades, E.W. (1994). Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality 9:165-170. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  101. Response to phage infection of immobilized lactococci during continuous acidification and inoculation of skim milk. Passos, F.M.L., Klaenhammer, T.R., Swaisgood, H.E. (1994). Journal of Dairy Research 61:537-544. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  102. Virsuses and DNA in marine environments. Paul, J.H., Kellogg, C.A., Jiang, S.C. (1994). p. 119-128. In R.R. Colwell, U. Simidu, and K. Ohwada (eds.), (eds) Microbial Diversity in Space and Time. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.[no abstract]

  103. Significance of the virus-rich 2-200 nm size fraction of seawater for heterotrophic flagellates: I. Impact on growth. Pesan, B.F., Weinbauer, M.G., Peduzzi, P. (1994). P. S. Z. N. I. : Mar. Ecol. 15:281-290. [no abstract]

  104. Monitoring of bacterial and viral indicators in a drinking-water treatment plant. Poda, G., Cesaroni, D., Bucci, M.A., Chetti, L., Rossi, L., Illice, M., Turtura, G.C., Bianchi, G.C., Bianchi, G., Minelli, L., et al. (1994). Aqua (Oxford) 43:127-132. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  105. Genetic enhancement of phage resistance in a commercial cheese starter. Powell, I.B., Romano, G.M., Hillier, A.J., Davidson, B.E. (1994). Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 49:30-33. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  106. ??? Powelson, D.K., Gerba, C.P. (1994). Water Res. 28:2175-2181. [no abstract]

  107. Isolation and characterization of large lactococcal phage resistance plasmids by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Prevots, F., Remy, E., Mata, M., Ritzenthaler, P. (1994). FEMS Microbiol. Let. 117:7-13. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  108. Sensitivity of host strains and host range of coliphages isolated from Finnish and Nicaraguan wastewater. Rajala-Mustonen, R.L., Heinonen-Tanski, H. (1994). Water Res. 28:1811-1815. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  109. Genomic polymorphism in the T-even bacteriophages. Repoila, F., Tétart, F., Bouet, J.Y., Krisch, H.M. (1994). EMBO Journal 13:4181-4192. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  110. Transduction of a freshwater microbial community by a new Pseudomonas aeruginosa generalized transducing phage, UT1. Ripp, S., Ogunseitan, O., Miller, R.V. (1994). Moleculear Ecology 3:121-126. [no abstract]

  111. Virus-like particles in Eimeria nieschulzi are associated with multiple RNA segments. Roditi, I., Wyler, T., Smith, N., Braun, R. (1994). MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY 63:275-282. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  112. Comparative tracing experiments in a porous aquifer using bacteriophages and fluorescent dye on a test field located at Wilerwald (Switzerland) and simultaneously surveyed in detail on a local scale by radio-magneto-tellury (12-240 kHz). Rossi, P., De Carvalho-Dill, A., Mueller, I., Aragno, M. (1994). Environmental Geology 23:192-200. [no abstract]

  113. The pilE gene product of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, required for pilus biogenesis, shares amino acid sequence identity with the N-termini of type 4 prepilin proteins. Russell, M.A., Darzins, A. (1994). Molecular Microbiology 13:973-985. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  114. Principles of population ecology [German]. Rutschke, E. (1994). Berichte Ueber Landwirtschaft Sonderheft 37-53. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  115. Correlation between phage-resistance and fructose-tolerance in Lactococcus lactic subsp. lactis 4513-5. Sandberg, S., Laux, P., Suessmuth, R. (1994). Milchwissenschaft 49:552-555. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  116. Acquisition and rearrangement of sequence motifs in the evolution of bacteriophage tail fibres. Sandmeier, H. (1994). Molecular Microbiology 12:343-350. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  117. Bacteriophages in industrial fermentations. Saunders, M.E. (1994). p. 116-121. In R. Webster and A. Granoff (eds.), (eds) Encyclopedia of Virology. Academic Press, ???[no abstract]

  118. Ingested foreign (phage M13) DNA survives transiently in the gastrointestinal tract and enters the bloodstream of mice. Schubbert, R., Lettmann, C., Doerfler, W. (1994). Mol. Gen. Genet. 242:495-504. [no abstract]

  119. A new phage typing scheme for Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris strains. Sekaninová, G., Hofer, M., Rychlík, I., Pillich, J., Kolárová, M., Zajíková, D. (1994). Folia Microbiol. 39:381-386. [no abstract]

  120. Giardiavirus-resistant Giardia lamblia lacks a virus receptor on the cell membrane surface. Sepp, T., Wang, A.L., Wang, C.C. (1994). J. Virol. 68:1426-1431. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  121. Bacterial viruses. Bacterial altruism? Shub, D.S. (1994). Current Biology 4:555-556. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  122. Energetics of cyanophage N-1 multiplication in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum. Singh, S., Bhatnagar, A., Kashyap, A.K. (1994). Microbios 78:259-265. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  123. Inactivation of phage MS2 by iron-aided titanium dioxide photocatalysis. Sjogren, J.C., Sierka, R.A. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:344-347. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  124. Isolation of a marine cyanophage infecting the marine unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. NKBG 042902. Sode, K., Oozeki, M., Asakawa, K., Burgess, J.G., Matsunaga, T. (1994). J. Mar. Biotechnol. 1:189-192. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  125. Bacteriophage prevents destruction of skin grafts by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Soothill, J.S. (1994). Burns 20:209-211. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  126. Zwittermicin A-producing strains of Bacillus cereus from diverse soils. Stabb, E.V., Jacobson, L.M., Handelsman, J. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4404-4412. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  127. Fluctuation tests: how reliable are the estimates of mutation rates? Stewart, F.M. (1994). Genetics 137:1139-1146. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  128. A method to detect enteroviruses in sewage sludge-amended soil using the PCR. Straub, T.M., Pepper, I.L., Abbaszadegan, M., Gerba, C.P. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1014-1017. [no abstract]

  129. Isolation and characterization of a new ruminal bacteriophage lytic to Streptococcus bovis. Styriak, I., Spanova, A., Montagova, H., Kmet', V. (1994). Current Microbiology 28:355-358. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  130. Expression of capsular polysaccharide determines serum resistance in Escherichia coli K92. Suerbaum, S., Friedrich, S., Leying, H., Opferkuch, W. (1994). Zentralblatt Fur Bakteriologie 281:146-157. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  131. Application of polymerase chain reaction to detect RNA coliphage Q beta in environmental water samples. Sunun, L., Kamiko, N., Yamamoto, K., Ohgaki, S. (1994). Water Science and Technology 31:383-390. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  132. The significance of viruses to mortality in aquatic microbial communities. Suttle, C.A. (1994). Microb. Ecol. 28:237-243. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  133. Dynamics and distribution of cyanophages and their effect on marine Synechococcus spp. Suttle, C.A., Chan, A.M. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:3167-3174. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  134. Ecology and characteristics of bdellovibrios from three tropical marine habitats. Sutton, D.C., Besant, P.J. (1994). Marine Biology (Berlin) 119:313-320. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  135. An alternative for the detection of Vibrio cholerae in waters [Spanish]. Talledo, M.A., Gutiérrez, S., Merino, F. (1994). Revista Peruana de Epidemiología 7:30-34. [no abstract]

  136. Regulation of microbial processes in the rumen by bacteriophages of Streptococcus bovis. Tarakanov, B.V. (1994). Mikrobiologiya 63:657-667. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  137. Detection of poliovirus, hepatitus A virus and rotavirus from sewage and ocean water. Tsai, Y.L., Tran, B., Sangerman, L.R., Palmer, C.J. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2400-2407. [no abstract]

  138. Simple method of concentrating enteroviruses and hepatitis A from sewage and ocean water for rapid detection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Tsai, Y.L., Sobsey, M.D., Sangerman, L.R., Palmer, C.J. (1994). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3488-3491. [no abstract]

  139. Phyconaviridae - Chlorella viruses. Van Etten, J.L., Van Etten, J. (1994). p. 35-40. In Anonymous (eds) Encyclopedia of Virology. Saunders Scientific Publication, London.[no abstract]

  140. Drug Resistance: The New Apocalypse (special issue of Trends in Microbiology). various (1994). p.341-425. [no abstract]

  141. Interaction between a plant virus and colloidal hematite. Vilker, V.L., Lyklema, J.L., Norde, W., Verduin, B.J.M. (1994). Water Res. 28:2425-2432. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  142. An additional set of phages to characterize epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from Spain (1989-92). Vindel, A., Trincado, P., Gomez, E., Aparicio, P., Martin de Nicolas, M., Boquete, T., Saez Nieto, J.A. (1994). Epidemiology and Infection 112:299-306. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  143. Viral leakage risk differences in latex condoms. Voeller, B., Nelson, J., Day, C. (1994). AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 10:701-710. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  144. Solar water disinfection: Scope of the process and analysis of radiation experiments. Wegelin, M., Canonica, S., Mechsner, K., Fleischmann, T., Pesaro, F., Metzler, A. (1994). Aqua (Oxford) 43:154-169. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  145. Frequency, size and distribution of bacteriophages in different marine bacterial morphotypes. Weinbauer, M.G., Peduzzi, P. (1994). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 108:11-20. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  146. Isolation and characterization of a generalized transducing phage for Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Weiss, B.D., Capage, M.A., Kessel, M., Benson, S.A. (1994). J. Bacteriol. 176:3354-3359. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  147. Bacterial viruses in coastal seawater: Lytic rather than lysogenic production. Wilcox, R.M., Fuhrman, J.A. (1994). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 114:35-45. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  148. Detection of FRNA coliphages in groundwater: Interference with the assay by somatic salmonella bacteriophages. Willams, F.P.Jr., Stetler, R.E. (1994). Letters in Applied Microbiology 19:79-82. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  149. Bacteriophages in soil. Williams, S.T., Mortimer, A.M., Eccleston, J. (1994). p. 121R. Webster and A. Granoff (eds.), (eds) Encyclopedia of Virology. Academic Press, ???[no abstract]

  150. Spatially resolved evolution of viruses. Yin, J. (1994). Annals of the New York Academy of Science 745:399-408. [no abstract]

  151. Intron-containing T4-bacteriophage gene suny encodes an anaerobic ribonucleoside reductase. Young, P., Ochman, M., Xu, M.Q., Shub, D.A., Sjoberg, B.M. (1994). J. Biol. Chem. 269:20229-20232. [no abstract]

  152. Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni bacteriophages on peach trees and their potential use for biological control. Zaccardelli, M., Saccardi, A., Gambin, E., Minardi, P., Mazzucchi, U., Lemattre, M., Freigoun, S., Rudolph, K., Swings, J.G. (1994). Colloques de l'INRA 875-878.

  153. Streptomyces lividans 66 contains a gene for phage resistance which is similar to the phage lambda ea59 endonuclease gene. Zhou, X., Deng, Z., Hopwood, D.A., Kieser, T. (1994). Molecular Microbiology 12:789-797. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  154. Screening for Sulfolobales, their plasmids and their viruses in Icelandic solfataras. Zillig, W., Kletzin, A., Schleper, C., Holz, I., Janekovic, D., Hain, J., Lanzendoerfer, M., Kristjansson, J.K. (1994). Systematic and Applied Microbiology 16:609-628. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  155. Supplementary Listeria-typing with defective Listeria phage particles (monocins). Zink, R., Loessner, M.J., Glas, I., Scherer, S. (1994). Letters in Applied Microbiology 19:99-101. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  156. Lysogeny and lysotypes of Malaysian strains of Pseudomonas solanacearum. Abdullah, H., Hartman, G.L., Hayward, A.C. (1993). ACIAR Proceedings 316-319.

  157. The isolation of T-even phages (feces -?-> P.C./PC --> gamma --> T2; Sewage -?-> T4/T6). Abedon, S.T. (1993). T4 News (Feb 17). [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  158. Conjugative mobilization of a heat-sensitive phage resistance (Hsp positive) plasmid between Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis strains. Akcelik, M. (1993). Turkish Journal of Biology 17:155-161. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  159. Comparative inhibitory action of 4 standard bacteriophages on the larvicidal activity of certain mosquito pathogenic bacteria against Culex pipiens larvae. Ali, S.M., Saleh, M.B., Merdan, A.I. (1993). Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 23:341-348. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  160. Isolation, purification and ultrastructure of bacteriophages from natural mosquito breeding places in Egypt. Ali, S.M., Saleh, M.B., Merdan, A.I. (1993). Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 23:431-435. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  161. Effect of bacteriophage lysogeny on the efficacy of two bacterial larvicide formulations under field conditions. Ali, S.M. (1993). Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 23:305-312. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  162. A field survey of bacteriophage contamination of mosquito breeding places, inhibiting bacterial insecticide. Ali, S.M., Saleh, M.B., Merdan, A.I. (1993). Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 23:389-397. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  163. A simple, rapid and sensitive presence/absence detection test for bacteriophage in drinking water. Armon, R., Kott, Y. (1993). J. Appl. Bacteriol. 74:490-496. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  164. Successful transient introduction of Leishmania RNA virus into a virally infected and an uninfected strain of Leishmania. Armstrong, T.C., Keenan, M.C., Widmer, G., Patterson, J.L. (1993). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:1736-1740. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  165. Biophysical characterization of Vibrio El Tor typing phage e5. Basu, R., Ghosh, A.N., Dasgupta, S., Ghosh, A. (1993). FEMS Microbiol. Let. 80:9-15. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  166. Ultrastructural studies on a chlorella virus from Germany. Becker, B., Lesemann, D.E., Reisser, W. (1993). Arch. Virol. 130:145-155. [no abstract]

  167. Growth characteristics of lactococcal phages isolated from the dairy sources in India. Bhimani, R.S., Freitas, Y.M. (1993). Journal of Dairy Science 76:3338-3349. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  168. Palmer LTER: aquatic virus abundances neaer the Antarctic Peninsula. Bird, D.F., Maranger, R. (1993). Antarct. J. U. S. 28:234-235. [no abstract]

  169. Viruses, bacterplankton, and phytoplankton in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico: distribution and contribution to oceanic DNA pools. Boehme, J., et al. (1993). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 97:1-10. [no abstract]

  170. Native marine bacteriophages. Børsheim, K.Y. (1993). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 102:141-159. [no abstract]

  171. Viral impact on microbial communities. Bratbak, G., Heldal, M., Naess, A., Roeggen, T. (1993). p. 299-302. In R. Guerrero and C. Pedros-Alio (eds.), (eds) Trends in Microbial Ecology. Spanish Society for Microbiology, Barcelona.[no abstract]

  172. Total count of viruses in aquatic environments. Bratbak, G., Heldal, M. (1993). p. 135-138. In P.F. Kemp (ed.), (eds) Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton,Fla.[no abstract]

  173. Viral mortality of the marine alga Emiliana huxleyi (Haptophyceae) and termination of algal blooms. Bratbak, G., Egge, J.K., Heldal, M. (1993). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 93:39-48. [no abstract]

  174. Experimental molecular evolution of bacteriophage T7. Bull, J.J., Cunningham, C.W., Molineux, I.J., Badgett, M.R., Hills, D.M. (1993). Evolution 47:993-1007. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  175. A novel antivirulence element in the temperate bacteriophage HK022. Carlson, N.G., Little, J.W. (1993). J. Bacteriol. 175:7541-7549. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  176. Bacteriophages detection during storing potato. Castro, S., Romero, J., Fresno, J., Noval, C. (1993). Investigacion Agraria Produccion y Proteccion Vegetales 8:109-116. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  177. Genetic bottlenecks and population passages cause profound fitness differences in RNA viruses. Clarke, D.K., Duarte, E.A., Moya, A., Elena, S.F., Domingo, E., Holland, J. (1993). J. Virol. 67:222-228. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  178. Spatial distribution of viruses, bacteria and chlorophyll a in neritic, oceanic and estuarine environments. Cochlan, W.P., Wikner, J., Steward, G.F., Smith, D.C., Azam, F. (1993). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 92:77-87. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  179. Incidence of the bacterial contamination in the estuary of Ares-Betanzos (NW Spain). Combarro, M.P., Sueiro, R.A., Araujo, M., Pardo, F., Garrido, M.J. (1993). Microbiologia (Madrid) 9:14-27. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  180. Computerized complex typing of Escherichia coli strains from different clinical materials. Czirok, E., Herpay, M.M.H. (1993). Acta Microbiologica Hungarica 40:217-237. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  181. Preliminary study of test methods to assess the virucidal activity of skin disinfectants using poliovirus and bacteriophages. Davies, J.G., Babb, J.R., Bradley, C.R., Ayliffe, G.A. (1993). Journal of Hospital Infection 25:125-131. [no abstract]

  182. Lytic bacteriophages of Streptococcus mutans. Delisle, A.L., Rostkowski, C.A. (1993). Current Microbiology 27:163-167.

  183. Direct electron microscopy study on the morphological diversity of bacteriophage populations in Lake Plusssee. Demuth, J., Neve, H., Witzel, K.-P. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3378-3384. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  184. Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages specific for Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli. Dhar, B., Upadhyay, K.K., Singh, R.M. (1993). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39:775-779. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  185. Inactivation of bacteria and coliphages in highly polluted by secondary effluent and pretreated surface water through UV irradiation at a pilot plant scale. Dizer, H., Bartocha, W., Seidel, K., Lopez, P., Grohmann, A. (1993). Zentralblatt fuer Hygiene und Umweltmedizin 194:490-507. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  186. Superinfection immunity of mycobacteriophage L5: application for genetic transformation of mycobacteria. Donnelly-Wu, M.K., Jacobs, W.R., Hatfull, G.F. (1993). Mol. Microbiol. 7:407-417. [no abstract]

  187. Quality control of bacterial enumeration. Donnison, A.M., Ross, C.M., Russell, J.M. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:922-923. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  188. Many-trillionfold amplification of single RNA virus particles fails to overcome the Muller's ratchet effect. Duarte, E.A., Clarke, D.K., Moya, A., Elena, S.F., Domingo, E., Holland, J. (1993). J. Virol. 67:3620-3623. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  189. Characterization of bacteriophages of Erwinia ananas. Eayre, C.G., Robertson, N.L. (1993). Phytopathology 83:1354

  190. Viral extinctions in deep-sea species [letter] [see comments]. Emiliani, C. (1993). Nature 366:217-218. [no abstract]

  191. Extinction and viruses. Emiliani, C. (1993). BioScience 31:155-159. [no abstract]

  192. A Functional Biology of Parasitism. Ecological and Evolutionary Implications. Esch, G.W., Fernández, J.C. (1993). Chapman and Hall, New York.[no abstract]

  193. Characterization of a temperate phage hosted by Alcaligenes eutrophus strain A5. Faelen, M., Merlin, C., Geuskens, M., Mergeay, M., Toussaint, A. (1993). Res. Microbiol. 144:627-631. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  194. Interactions of temperate bacteriophages of Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus with lysogenic indicators affect phage DNA restriction patterns and host ranges. Fayard, B., Haefliger, M., ACCOLAS, J.-P. (1993). Journal of Dairy Research 60:385-399. [no abstract]

  195. Characterization of Bacillus polymxya isolates from different Brazilian soils. Ferreira, E.C.N., Seldin, L. (1993). Revista de Microbiologia 24:151-155. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  196. Characterization of a prolate-headed bacteriophage of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis, and its DNA homology with isometric-headed phages. Forsman, P. (1993). Archives of Virology 132:321-330. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  197. Structural similarity and genetic homology between Lactobacillus casei bacteriophages isolated in Japan and in Finland. Forsman, P., Tanskanen, J., Alatossava, T. (1993). Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 57:2043-2048.

  198. Viruses in marine food webs. Fuhrman, J.A., Wilcox, R.M., Noble, R.T., Law, N.C. (1993). p. 295-298. In R. Guerrero and C. Pedros-Alio (eds.), (eds) Trends in microbial ecology. Spanish Society for Microbiology, Barcelona.[no abstract]

  199. Viruses in marine planktonic systems. Fuhrman, J.A., Suttle, C.A. (1993). Oceanography 6:50-62. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  200. Grazing by marine nanoflagellates on viruses and virus-sized particles: Ingestion and digestion. González, J.M., Suttle, C.A. (1993). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 94:1-10. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  201. Characterization of loosely associated material from the cell surface of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris E8 and its phage-resistant variant strain 398. Gopal, P.K., Crow, V.L. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3177-3182.

  202. Heat shock-induced axenic growth of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. Gordon, R.F., Stein, M.A., Diedrich, D.L. (1993). J. Bacteriol. 175:2157-2161. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  203. Large virus-like particles from vacuoles of phaeodarian radiolarians and from other marine samples. Gowing, M.M. (1993). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 101:33-43. [no abstract]

  204. Comparison of methods for the recovery and quantitation of coliphage and indigenous bacteriophage from marine waters and sediments. Grabow, W.O.K., Reynolds, K.A., Rose, J.B., Giordano, A.T. (1993). p. 115-117. In R.W. Morris and A.P. Dufour (eds.), (eds) HEALTH-RELATED WATER MICROBIOLOGY. PERGAMON PRESS, OXFORD (UK).[PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  205. Detection of hepatitis A virus in sewage sludge by antigen capture polymerase chain reaction. Graff, J., Ticehurst, J., Flehmig, B. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3165-3170. [no abstract]

  206. Plant, phage, bacterium: A new hypothesis on their interrelation. Gvozdyak, R.I. (1993). Mikrobiologicheskii Zhurnal (Kiev) 55:92-94.

  207. Permeability of latex and thermoplastic elastomer gloves to the bacteriophage phi X174. Hamann, C.P., Nelson, J.R. (1993). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL 21:289-296. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  208. Inactivation of viruses during ultraviolet light treatment of human intravenous immunoglobulin and albumin. Hart, H., Reid, K., Hart, W. (1993). VOX SANGUINIS 64:82-88. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  209. Bacteriophages as models of human enteric viruses in the environment. Havelaar, A.H. (1993). ASM News 57:3121-3126. [no abstract]

  210. F-specific RNA bacteriophages are adequate model organisms for enteric viruses in fresh water. Havelaar, A.H., Olphen, M., Drost, Y.C. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:2956-2962. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  211. Outbreak of foodborne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis. Hedberg, C.W., Osterholm, M.T. (1993). Clinical Microbiology Reviews 6:199-210. [no abstract]

  212. Characterisation of a Helicobacter pylori phage (HP1). Heintschel, v.H., Nalik, H.P., Schmid, E.N. (1993). J. Med. Microbiol. 38:245-249. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  213. Use of MS2 coliphage as a surrogate for enteric viruses in surface waters disinfected with ozone. Helmer, R.D., Finch, G.R. (1993). Ozone Science & Engineering 15:279-293. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  214. Bacteriophage and bacteriophage resistance in lactic acid bacteria. Hill, C. (1993). FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 12:87-108. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  215. Production of bacteriolytic enzyme by bacteriophage from seawater. Hirayama, S., Ueda, R., Sugata, K., Kamiyoshi, H. (1993). TEMP 99/06/16 57:2166-2167. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  216. PilS and PilR, a two-component transcriptional regulatory system controlling expression of type 4 fimbriae in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hobbs, M., Collie, E.S.R., Free, P.D., Livingston, S.P., Mattick, J.S. (1993). Molecular Microbiology 7:669-682. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  217. Bacteriophage as models for virus removal from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) during re-laying. Humphrey, T.J., Martin, K. (1993). Epidemiology and Infection [EPIDEMIOL. INFECT. ] 111:325-335. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  218. The seasonal distribution of some bacteriophages in the akron sewage treatment plant. Huynh, T.D., Kory, M.M. (1993). Ohio Journal of Science 93:48-50. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  219. A liquid, colorimetric presence-absence coliphage detection method. Ijzerman, M.M., Falkinhami, J.O.I., Hagedorn, C. (1993). Journal of Virological Methods 45:229-234. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  220. Rapid assessment of drug susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by means of luciferase reporter phages [see comments]. Jacobs, W.J., Barletta, R.G., Udani, R., Chan, J., Kalkut, G., Sosne, G., Kieser, T., Sarkis, G.J., Hatfull, G.F., Bloom, B.R. (1993). Science 260:819-822.

  221. A study of five bacteriophages of the Myoviridae family which replicate on different gram-positive bacteria. Jarvis, A.W., Collins, L.J., Ackermann, H.W. (1993). Archives of Virology 133:75-84. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  222. Analysis of phage resistance mechanisms encoded by lactococcal plasmid pAJ2074. Jarvis, A.W. (1993). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39:252-258. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  223. The Sym plasmid pRP2JI and at least two other loci of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli can confer resistance to infection by the virulent bacteriophage RL38. Jun, G., Aird, E.L.H., Kannenberg, E., Downie, J.A., Johnston, A.W.B. (1993). FEMS Microbiol. Let. 111:321-326. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  224. Virus-like particles in a monogenean (Platyhelminthes) parasitic in a marine fish. Justine, J.L., Bonami, J.R. (1993). International Journal for Parasitology 23:69-75. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  225. Chlorella viruses in diverse freshwaters in Northeast England. Kang, J.Y., Goulder, R., Wollston, C.J. (1993). Letts. Appl. Microbiol. 16:214-216. [no abstract]

  226. Efficacy of thermoplastic elastomer and latex condoms as viral barriers. Kettering, J. (1993). Contraception 47:559-567. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  227. Multiple double-stranded RNA segments are associated with virus particles infecting Trichomonas vaginalis. Khoshnan, A., Alderete, J.F. (1993). J. Virol. 67:6950-6955. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  228. Effect of pH on bacteriophage transport through sandy soils. Kinoshita, T., Bales, R.C., Maguier, K.M., Gerba, C.P. (1993). J. Contaminant Hydrology 14:55-70. [no abstract]

  229. Estimation of ruminal bacteriophage numbers by pulsed-field gel electrophroesis and laser densitometry. Klieve, A.V., Swain, R.A. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:2299-2303. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  230. Structural and molecular biological characterization of a new transducing bacteriophage TT91 of Bacillus thuringiensis. Koroleva, Y., Minenkova, I.B., Shamshina, T.N., Azizbekyan, R.R. (1993). Molekulyarnaya Genetika Mikrobiologiya i Virusologiya 35-38. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  231. Phage-mediated selection and the evolution and maintenance of restriction-modification. Korona, R., Levin, B.R. (1993). Evolution 47:556-575. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  232. Sensitivity of naturally occurring coliphages to type I and type II restriction and modification. Korona, R., Korona, B., Levin, B.R. (1993). Journal of General Microbiology 139:1283-1290. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  233. Isolation and properties of a restriction endonuclease BstBSI from the thermophilic soil bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus BS. Kovalevskaya, N.P., Ivanov, L.Y., Zheleznaya, L.A., Matvienko, N.A. (1993). Molekulyarnaya Genetika Mikrobiologiya i Virusologiya 22-25. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  234. DNA homology in species of bacteriophages active on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Krylov, V.N., Tolmachova, T.O., Akhverdian, V.Z. (1993). Archives of Virology 131:141-151. [no abstract]

  235. Study of biological properties of cholera phages and Vibrio El Tor strains isolated from the environment in Donetsk. Kudryakova, T.A., Evteeva, E.I., Makedonova, L.D., Sayamov, S.R., Dudkina, O.V., Smirnova, E.V. (1993). Gigiena i Sanitariya 14-17. [no abstract]

  236. Taxonomic implications of the reactions of representative Bacillus strains to Thermoactinomyces-phage. Kurtboke, D.I., Sivasithamparam, K. (1993). Actinomycetes 4:1-7. [no abstract]

  237. Occurrence of Actinomadura phage in organic mulches used for avocado plantations in Western Australia. Kurtboke, D.I., Wilson, C.R., Sivasithamparam, K. (1993). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39:389-394. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  238. Use of bacteriophage for the selective isolation of thermophilic actinomycetes from composted eucalyptus bark. Kurtboke, D.I., Murphy, N.E., Sivasithamparam, K. (1993). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39:46-51. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  239. Regulation of proteinase synthesis in Lactococcus lactis. Laan, H., Bolhuis, H., Poolman, B., Abee, T., Konings, W.N. (1993). Acta Biotechnologica 13:95-101. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  240. Phage enumeration in water from Aragon Imperial channel and river Ebro in Zaragoza. lafarga, M.A., Ezquerra, J., Ferrandez, A., Grasa, B., Alejandre, M.C., Marcen, J.J. (1993). Microbiologia (Madrid) 9:43-52. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  241. [The isolation of Vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage]. [Chinese]. Lin, Y., Chen, K., Chen, G., Hu, H. (1993). Wei Sheng Wu Hsueh Pao - Acta Microbiologica Sinica 33:285-289. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  242. The isolation of Vibrio Alginolyticus bacteriophage. Lin, Y., Chen, K., Chen, G., Hu, H. (1993). Acta Microbiologica Sinica 33:285-289.

  243. Isolation, classification and molecular characterization of bacteriophages for Enterobacter species. Loessner, M.J., Neugirg, E., Zink, R., Scherer, S. (1993). Journal of General Microbiology 139:2627-2633. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  244. Isolation of actinophage that attack some Maduromycete actinomycetes. Long, P.F., Parekh, N.R., Munro, J.C., Williams, S.T. (1993). FEMS Microbiol. Let. 108:195-200. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  245. Identification and sequence analysis of the replication region of the phage resistance plasmid pCI528 from Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris UC503. Lucey, M., Daly, C., Fitzgerald, G. (1993). FEMS Microbiol. Let. 110:249-256. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  246. Effect of biocides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage F116. Maillard, J.-Y., Beggs, T.S., Day, M.J., Hudson, R.A., Russell, A.D. (1993). Letters in Applied Microbiology 17:167-170. [no abstract]

  247. Survival of the temperate actinophage PHI-C31 and Streptomyces lividans in soil and the effects of competition and selection on lysogens. Marsh, P., Toth, I.K., Meijer, M., Schilhabel, M.B., Wellington, E.M.H. (1993). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 13:13-21. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  248. Abundance of virus-sized non-DNase-digestible DNA (coated DNA) in eutrophic seawater. Mauryama, A., Oda, M., Higashihara, T. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:712-717. [no abstract]

  249. A field example of bacteriophage as tracers of fractured flow. McKay, L.D., Cherry, J.A., Bales, R.C., Yahya, M.T., Gerba, C.P. (1993). Environ. Sci. Technol. 27:1075-1079. [no abstract]

  250. A novel ompC mutation of Escherichia coli K-12 that reduces OmpC and OmpF levels in the outer membrane. Misra, R. (1993). Molecular Microbiology 10:1029-1035. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  251. Production of monoclonal antibodies against the major capsid protein of the Lactococcus bacteriophage u136 and development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for direct phage detection in whey and milk. Moineau, S., Bernier, D., Jobin, M., Hebert, J., Klaenhammer, T.R., Pandian, S. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:2034-2040. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  252. Differentiation of two abortive mechanisms by using monoclonal antibodies directed toward lactococcal bacteriophage capsid proteins. Moineau, S., Durmaz, E., Pandian, S., Klaenhammer, T.R. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:208-212. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  253. A study on phage resistance and plasmid profiles of the mutants of industrial Lactococcus strains deficient in utilization of sugars. Molotova, N.O., Ganina, V.I., Molotov, S.V., Sukhodolets, V.V. (1993). Biotekhnologiya 9-11. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  254. Biological control of mushroom bacterial blotch with bacteriophages. Munsch, P., Olivier, J.M., Fritig, B., Legrand, M.E. (1993). Developments in Plant Pathology 469

  255. Viral dynamics II: A model of the interaction of ultraviolet light and mixing processes on virus survival in seawater. Murray, A.G., Jackson, G.A. (1993). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 102:105-114. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  256. Isolation and partial characterization of three rumen Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophages. Nemcova, R., Styriak, I., Stachova, M., Kmet, V. (1993). Microbiologica (Pavia) 16:177-180. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  257. Bacteriophages induced by ciprofloxacin in a Borrelia burgdorferi skin isolate. Neubert, U., Schaller, M., Januschke, E., Stolz, W., Schmieger, H. (1993). Zentralblatt Fuer Bakteriologie 279:307-315.

  258. Study of the marine cyanophytes from the Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): II. Hormogonae. Neves, M.H.C.B. (1993). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 52:641-659. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  259. Fate of coliforms and coliphages in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Ng, W.J., Sim, T.S., Ong, S.L., Ng, K.Y., Ramasamy, M., Tan, K.N. (1993). Bioresource Technology 46:197-205. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  260. Phage sensitivity and host range of Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of temperature legumes. Novikova, N.I., Pavlov, E.A., Limeshchenko, E.V. (1993). Plant and Soil 151:45-53. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  261. Ch2, a novel halophilic archaeon from an Australian solar saltern. Nuttall, S.D., Dyall-Smith, M.L. (1993). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology [INT. J. SYST. BACTERIOL. ] 43:729-734. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  262. HF1 and HF2: Novel bacteriophages of halophilic archaea. Nuttall, S.D., Dyall-Smith, M.L. (1993). Virology 197:678-684. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  263. Effect of increasing the copy number of bacteriophage origins of replication, in trans, on incoming-phage proliferation. O'Sullivan, D.J., Hill, C., Klaenhammer, T.R. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:2449-2456. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  264. Regulation of antibody responses: the role of complement and adhesion molecules. Ochs, H.D., Nonoyama, S., Zhu, Q., Farrington, M., Wedgewood, R.J. (1993). Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 67:S33-S40 [no abstract]

  265. Association of bacteriophage particles with toxin production by Clavibacter toxicus, the causal agent of annual ryegrass toxicity. Ophel, K.M., Bird, A.F., Kerr, A. (1993). Phytopathology 83:676-681. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  266. Distribution of viral abundance in the reef environment of Key Largo, Florida. Paul, J.H., Rose, J.B., Jiang, S.C., Kellogg, C.A., Dickson, L. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:718-724. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  267. Bacteriophagotherapy and enterosorbtion in treatment of sepsis of newborns caused by gram-negative bacteria. Pavlenishvili, I., Tsertsvadze, T. (1993). Pren. Neon. Infect. 11:104-??? [no abstract]

  268. Clostridium perfringens and somatic coliphages as indicators of the efficiency of drinking water treatment for viruses and protozoan cysts. Payment, P., Franco, E. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:2418-2424. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  269. Effect of the submicron size fraction including viruses on the formation of algal flocs (marine snow) in the sea. Peduzzi, P., Weinbauer, M.G. (1993). Limnol. Oceanogr. 38:1562-1565. [no abstract]

  270. Effect of concentrating the virus-rich 2-200 nm size fraction of seawater on the formation of algal flocs (marine snow). Peduzzi, P., Weinbauer, M.G. (1993). Limnol. Oceanogr. 87:105-112. [no abstract]

  271. The submicron size fraction of seawater containing high numbers of virus particles as bioactive agent in unicellular plankton community successions. Peduzzi, P., Weinbauer, M.G. (1993). Jour. Plankt. Res. 15:1375-1386. [no abstract]

  272. Transport of bromide, simazine, and MS-2 coliphage in a lysimeter containing undisturbed, unsaturated soil. Poletika, N.N., Jury, W.A. (1993). Agronomy Abstracts 85:215 [no abstract]

  273. Calibrating estimates of phage-induced mortality in marine bacteria ultrastructural studies of marine bacteriophage development from one-step growth experimetns. Proctor, L.M., Okubo, A., Fuhrman, J.A. (1993). Microb. Ecol. 25:161-182. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  274. Versatile suicide vectors which allow direct selection for gene replacement in gram-negative bacteria. Quandt, J., Hynes, M.F. (1993). Gene (Amsterdam) 127:15-21. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  275. Dramatic improvements in viral inactivation with brominated psoralens, naphthalenes and anthracenes. Rai, S., Kasturi, C., Grayzar, J., Platz, M.S., Goodrich, R.P., Yerram, N.R., Wong, V., Tay-Goodrich, B.H. (1993). PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 58:59-65. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  276. Phage resistance in Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ 328. Rainheimer, J.A., Morelli, L., Callegari, M.L., Bottazzi, V. (1993). Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition 11:235-240. [no abstract]

  277. The temperate phages RP2 and RP3 of Streptomyces rimosus. Rausch, H., Vesligaj, M., Pocta, D., Biukovic, G., Pigac, J., Cullum, J., Schmieger, H., Hranueli, D. (1993). Journal of General Microbiology 139 ( Pt 10):2517-2524. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  278. Evaluation of microbial indicators for the determination of the sanitary quality and safety of shellfish. Regan, P.M., Margolin, A.B., atkins, W.D. (1993). Journal of Shellfish Research 12:95-100. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  279. Blooms of sequence-specific culturable bacteria in the sea. Rehstam, A.-S., Bäckman, S., Smith, D.C., Azam, F., Hangström, Å. (1993). FEMS Microbial Ecology 102:161-166. [no abstract]

  280. Extracellular DNA in aquatic ecosytems may in part be due to phycovirus activity. Reisser, W., Grein, S., Krambeck, C. (1993). Hydrobiologica 252:199-201. [no abstract]

  281. Viruses and virus-like particles of freshwater and marine eukaryotic algae—a review. Reisser, W. (1993). Arch. Protistenkd. 143:257-265. [no abstract]

  282. Soluble DNA in freshwater: the role of algal viruses. Reisser, W., Vietze, S. (1993). p. 308-310. In R. Guerrero and C. Pedros-Alio (eds.), (eds) Trends in Microbial Ecology. Spanish Society for Microbiology, Barcelona.[no abstract]

  283. Bacteriophage lambda: long-term stored stocks ready for lysis. Requena, J.M., Soto, M., Alonso, C. (1993). Trends in Genetics 9:4 [no abstract]

  284. Influence of suspended particulates on increased transduction rates among Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a freshwater ecosystem. Ripp, S., Miller, R.V. (1993). ORD Biotechnology Risk Assessment Program (ed.), (eds) Risk Assessment for Environmental Releases of Biotechnology Products. USEPA, Washington, DC.[no abstract]

  285. Pilus-mediated adsorption of Pseudomonas syringae to the surface of host and non-host plant leaves. Romantschuk, M., Nurmiaho-Lassila, E.L., Roine, E., Suoniemi, A. (1993). Journal of General Microbiology 139:2251-2260.

  286. Ultraviolet dosimetry in outdoor measurements based on bacteriophage T7 as a biosensor. Rontó, G., Gáspár, S., Bérces, A., Gugolya, Z. (1993). Photochem. Photobiol. 59:209-214. [no abstract]

  287. Biological inactivation of adhering Listeria monocytogenes by listeriaphages and a quaternary ammonium compound. Roy, B., Ackermann, H.W., Pandian, S., Picard, G., Goulet, J. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:2914-2917. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  288. Search for bacteriophages of black-pigmented gram-negative anaerobes from dental plaque. Sandmeier, H., Bar, K., Meyer, J. (1993). FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 6:193-194. [no abstract]

  289. On the cytotoxicity of irradiated media. To what extent are stable products of radial chain reactions in physiological saline responsible for cell death? Saran, M., Bertram, H., Bors, W., Czapski, G. (1993). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY 64:311-318. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  290. Methylene blue and rose bengal photoinactivation of RNA bacteriophages: comparative studies of 8-oxoguanine formation in isolated RNA. Schneider, J.J., Phillips, J.R., Pye, Q., Maidt, M.L., Price, S., Floyd, R.A. (1993). ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 301:91-97. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  291. Bacteriophages of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus: Characterization of hereditary relationships and determination of virus-host interactions. Sebastiani, H., Jager, H. (1993). Milchwissenschaft 48:25-29. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  292. Killing of Trichomonas vaginalis by complement-mediated lysis is not associated with the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis virus. Shaio, M.F., Lin, P.R., Lee, C.S. (1993). International Journal for Parasitology 23:675-680. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  293. The study of the antimicrobial action spectrum of bacteriocins and bacteriophages produced by some Klebsiella strains. Sharga, B.M., Turyanitsa, A.I. (1993). Mikrobiologicheskii Zhurnal (Kiev) 55:59-68.

  294. Actinophage SKJ1 of Streptomyces kanamyceticus: A temperate phage. Shi, L., Chen, L., Li, H. (1993). Acta Microbiologica Sinica 33:405-410. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  295. Patterns of selection on phytophage resistance in Ipomoea purpurea. Simms, E.L., Rausher, M.D. (1993). Evolution 47:970-976.

  296. A strategy for rotation of different bacteriophage defenses in a lactococcal single-strain starter culture system. Sing, W.D., Klaenhammer, T.R. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:365-372. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  297. The use of molecular techniques for the detection of viruses in environmental samples. Sobsey, M.D. (1993). p. 601-606. In Anonymous (eds) Trends in Microbial Ecology. Spanish Society for Microbiology, Barcelona.[no abstract]

  298. How bacteriophage came to be used by the Phage Group. Summers, W.C. (1993). J. Hist. Biol. 26:255-267. [no abstract]

  299. Plague and cholera in India: The bacteriophage inquiry of 1928-1936. Summers, W.C. (1993). J. Hist. Med. All. Sci. 48:275-301. [no abstract]

  300. Bacteriophage typing of Vibrio fluvialis. Suthienkul, O. (1993). Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 24:449-454. [no abstract]

  301. Enumeration and isolation of viruses. Suttle, C.A. (1993). p. 121-134. In P.F. Kemp, B.F. Sherr, E.F. Sherr, and J.J. Cole (eds.), (eds) Current Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology. Lewis Publ., Boca Raton.[no abstract]

  302. Cyanophages and sunlight: A paradox. Suttle, C.A., Chan, A.M., Chen, F., Garza, D.R. (1993). p. 303-307. In R. Guerrero and C. Pedros-Alio (eds.), (eds) Trends in Microbial Ecology. Spanish Society Microbiology, Barcelona.[no abstract]

  303. Marine cyanophages infecting oceanic and coastal strains of Synechococcus: Abundance, morphology, cross-infectivity and growth characteristics. Suttle, C.A., Chan, A.M. (1993). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 92:99-109. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  304. The divergence of Trichomonas vaginalis virus RNAs among various isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis. Tai, J.H., Su, H.M., Tsai, J., Shaio, M.F., Wang, C.C. (1993). Experimental Parasitology 76:278-286. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  305. Bacteriophage ecology of an oligotrophic pristine aquifer. Tanjore, S., Kellogg, S.T. (1993). p. 399Anonymous (eds) Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. [no abstract]

  306. Are viruses important partners in pelagic food webs? Thingstad, T.F., Heldal, M., Bratbak, G., Dundas, I. (1993). Trends Ecol. Evol. 8:209-213. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  307. M13 phage growth and single-strand DNA preparation. Tomley, F.M. (1993). Methods in Molecular Biology 23:37-40. [no abstract]

  308. A rapid luminescent-phage based MPN method for the enumeration of Salmonella typhimurium in environmental samples. Turpin, P.E., Maycroft, K.A., Bedford, J., Rowlands, C.L., Wellington, E.M.H. (1993). Letters in Applied Microbiology 16:24-27. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  309. Occurrence of bacteriophages lytic for Pediococcus halophilus, a halophilic lactic-acid bacterium, in soy sauce fermentation. Uchida, K., Kanbe, C. (1993). Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 39:429-437. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  310. Partial genetic characterization of FIZ15 bacteriophage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vaca, S., Perez, S., Martinez, G., Enriquez, F. (1993). REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE MICROBIOLOGIA 35:251-257. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  311. Bacillus subtilis gtaB encodes UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and is controlled by stationary-phase transcription factor sigma B. Varon, D., Boylan, S.A., Okamoto, K., Price, C.W. (1993). J. Bacteriol. 175:3964-3971. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  312. A biocontrol agent for Pseudomonas solanacearum. Wall, G.C., Sanchez, J.L., Hartman, G.L., Hayward, A.C. (1993). ACIAR Proceedings 320-321.

  313. Characterization of a new bacteriophage which infects bacteria of the genus Acidiphilium. Ward, T.E., Bruhn, D.F., Shean, M.L., Watkins, C.S., Bulmer, D., Winston, V. (1993). J. Gen. Virol. 74 ( Pt 11):2419-2425. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  314. Resistance to co-occurring phages enables marine Synechococcus communities to coexist with cyanophages abundant in seawater. Waterbury, J.B., Valois, F.W. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3393-3399. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  315. Studies on the isolation of phage-resistant derivatives of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris FG2 with phage sk1. Weimer, B.C., Blake, M., Hiller, A.J., Davidson, B.E. (1993). Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 48:59-61. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  316. Distribution of viruses and dissolved DNA along a coastal trophic gradient in the northern Adriatic Sea. Weinbauer, M.G., Fuks, D., Peduzzi, P. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:4074-4082. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  317. REGULATION AND FUNCTION OF THE PHAGE SHOCK PROTEINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI (HEAT SHOCK, STRESS RESPONSE). Weiner, L. (1993). Rockefeller University. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  318. DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERNAL PH-CONTROLLED, PHAGE INHIBITORY BULK STARTER MEDIUM FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THERMOPHILIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOZZARELLA CHEESE (LACTOBACILLUS BULGARICUS). WHITEHEAD, W.E., IV (1993). Oregon State University. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  319. Genetic polymorphisms and recombination in natural populations of Escherichia coli. Whittam, T.S., Ake, S.E. (1993). p. 223-245. In N. Takahata and A.G. Clark (eds.), (eds) Mechanisms of Molecular Evolution. Sinauer Ass., Inc., Sunderland, Mass.[no abstract]

  320. Nucleic acids from the host bacterium as a major source of nucleotides for three marine bacteriophages. Wikner, J., Vallino, J.J., Steward, G.F., Smith, D.C., Azam, F. (1993). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 12:237-248. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  321. Coliphage MS-2 as a UV water disinfection efficacy test surrogate for bacterial and viral pathogens. Wilson, B.R., Roessler, P.F., Van Dellen, E., Abbaszadegan, M., Gerba, C.P. (1993). p. 219-235. In Anonymous (eds) AWWA Proceedings 1992 Water Quality Technology Conference. Toronto, Canada.[no abstract]

  322. Preliminary characterization of bacteriophages of Serratia entomophila. Wilson, C.R., Jackson, T.A., Mahanty, H.K. (1993). J. Appl. Bacteriol. 74:484-489. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  323. Isolation and molecular characterization of five marine cyanophages propagated on Synechococcus sp. strain WH7803. Wilson, W.H., Joint, I.R., Carr, N.G., Mann, N.H. (1993). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3736-3743. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  324. Use of phages for identifying the citrus canker bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri in Taiwan. Wu, W.C., Lee, S.T., Kuo, H.F., Wang, L.Y. (1993). Plant Pathology (Oxford) 42:389-395. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  325. Survival of bacteriophages MS-2 and PRD-1 in ground water. Yahya, M.T., Galsomies, L., Gerba, C.P., Bales, R.C. (1993). Water Sci. Technol. 27:409-411. [no abstract]

  326. Widespread distribution of chlorella viruses in Japan. Yamada, T., Shimomae, A., Furukawa, S., Takehara, J. (1993). Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 57:733-739. [no abstract]

  327. Evolution of bacteriophage T7 in a growing plaque. Yin, J. (1993). J. Bacteriol. 175:1272-1277. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  328. [Etiologic bacterial factors of infections in patients treated at the clinical anesthesiology ward and with intensive therapy]. [Polish]. Ziolkowski, G., Krawczyk, L., Dudzinska, G., Dyaczynska-Herman, A., Nolewajka, E., Ekiel, A., Rogala-Zawada, D. (1993). Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia 45:223-228. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  329. Lysogeny in Bradyrhizobium japonicum and its effect on soybean nodulation. Abebe, H.M., Sadowsky, M.J., Kinkle, B.K., Schmidt, E.L. (1992). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3360-3366. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  330. Lysis of lysis inhibited bacteriophage T4 infected cells. Abedon, S.T. (1992). J. Bacteriol. 174:8073-8080. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  331. Phage susceptibility and enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Nigerian foods. Adesiyun, A.A., Lenz, W., Schaal, K.P. (1992). Journal of Food Protection 55:871-873. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  332. Isolation and characterization of Leuconostoc oenos phages from German wines. Arendt, E.K., Hammes, W.P. (1992). Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 37:643-646. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  333. Phage coating of soybean seed reduces nodulation by indigenous soil bradyrhizobia. Basit, H.A., Angle, J.S., Salem, S., Gewaily, E.M. (1992). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38:1264-1269. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  334. Effect of the method of preparing monochloramine upon inactivation of MS2 coliphage, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Berman, D., Sullivan, R., Hurst, C.J. (1992). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38:28-33. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  335. Comparative electron microscopic study of Bacillus thuringiensis cells grown in chemostat. Blokhina, T.P., Kostrikina, N.A., Sakharova, Z.V., Biryuzova, V.I. (1992). Mikrobiologiya 61:672-677. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  336. [Immunobiological properties and therapeutic effectiveness of preparations from Klebsiella bacteriophages]. [Russian]. Bogovazova, G.G., Voroshilova, N.N., Bondarenko, V.M., Gorbatkova, G.A., Afanas'eva, EV, Kazakova, T.B., Smirnov, V.D., Mamleeva, A.G., Glukharev, I., Erastova, E.I. (1992). Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 30-33. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  337. Giant marine viruses? Bratbak, G., Haslund, O.H., Heldal, M., Noess, A., Røeggen, T. (1992). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 85:201-202. [no abstract]

  338. Incorporation of viruses into the budget of microbial C-transfer. A first approach. Bratbak, G., Heldal, M., Thingstad, T.F., Riemann, B., Haslund, O.H. (1992). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 83:273-280. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  339. Inactivation of phage tracers by exposure to liquid-air interfaces. Bricelj, M., Sisko, M. (1992). International Symposium on Water Tracing.

  340. Staphylococcus carnosus bacteriophages isolated from salami factories in Germany and Italy. Bruttin, A., Marchesini, B., Moreton, R.S., Sozzi, T. (1992). J. Appl. Bacteriol. 73:401-406.

  341. Molecular genetics of adaptation in an experimental model of cooperation. Bull, J.J., Molineux, I.J. (1992). Evolution 46:882-895. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  342. Efficiency of crossflow ultrafiltration in the recovery of bacteriophage from water samples. Burrini, D., Pollicino, G., Lupi, E. (1992). Igiene Moderna 98:541-554. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  343. The autoradiography of DNA. Cairns, J. (1992). p. 252-257. In J. Cairns, G.S. Stent, and J.D. Watson (eds.), (eds) Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology (expanded edition). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.[PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  344. Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology (expanded edition). Cairns, J., Stent, G., Watson, J.D. (1992). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.[no abstract]

  345. Evidence and characterization of temperate bacteriophage in Streptococcus salivarius spp thermophilus st18. Carminati, D., Giraffa, G. (1992). Journal of Dairy Research 59:71-79. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  346. Evolution of dsDNA tailed-bacteriophage genomes. Casjens, S., Hatfull, G., Hendrix, R.W. (1992). Semin. Virol. 3:383-397. [no abstract]

  347. The potential of immobilized cell technology to produce freeze-dried, phage-protected cultures of Lactococcus lactis. Champagne, C.P., Morin, N., Couture, R., Gagnon, C., Jelen, P., Lacroix, C. (1992). Food Research International 25:419-427. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  348. Muller's ratchet and the advantage of sex in the RNA virus Phi-6. Chao, L., Tran, T., Matthews, C. (1992). Evolution 46:289-299. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  349. Bacteriocidal and mutagenic effects of ozone on shrimp (Penaeus monodon ) meat. Chen, H.C., Huang, S.H., Moody, M.W., Jiang, S.T. (1992). Journal of Food Science [J. FOOD SCI. ] 57:923-927. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  350. Detection of genetic exchange in the terrestrial environment. Cresswell, N., Wellington, E.M.H. (1992). p. 59-82. In E.M.H. Wellington and J.D. van Elsas (eds.), (eds) Genetic Interactions among Microorganisms in the Natural Environment. Pergamon Press, Oxford.[no abstract]

  351. The fate of introduced streptomyces, plasmid and phage populations in a dynamic soil system. Cresswell, N., Herron, P.R., Saunders, V.A., Wellington, E.M.H. (1992). Journal of General Microbiology 138:659-666. [no abstract]

  352. Phages and phage resistance in lactococci. Actes du Colloque LACTIC 91. Daly, C., Coffey, A., Casey, C.N., Fitzgerald, G.F. (1992). none (ed.), (eds) Les Bacteries Lactiques, Recherche et Applications Industrielles en Agro-Alimentaire. Adria Normandie, Villers Bocage, Cedex, France.[no abstract]

  353. Rates of inactivation of waterborne coliphages by monochloramine. Dee, S.W., Fogleman, J.C. (1992). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3136-3141. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  354. The eclipse in the bacteriophage life cycle. Doermann, A.H. (1992). p. 79-87. In J. Cairns, G.S. Stent, and J.D. Watson (eds.), (eds) Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology (expanded edition). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.[no abstract]

  355. Tracing the origin of retroviruses. Doolittle, R.F., Feng, D.F. (1992). CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 176:195-211. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  356. Rapid fitness losses in mammalian RNA virus clones due to Muller's ratchet. Duarte, E., Clarke, D., Moya, A., Domingo, E., Holland, J. (1992). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:6015-6019. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  357. Molecular characterization of a second abortive phage resistance gene present in Lactococcus lactis lactis ME2. Durmaz, E., Higgins, D.L., Klaenhammer, T.R. (1992). J. Bacteriol. 174:7463-7469. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  358. Introns in the T-Even Bacteriophages. Eddy, S.R. (1992). University of Colorado at Boulder. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  359. Bacteriophage: One-step growth. Ellis, E. (1992). p. 56-62. In J. Cairns, G.S. Stent, and J.D. Watson (eds.), (eds) Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology (Expanded Edition). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.[no abstract]

  360. Bacteriophage typing of Listeria monocytogenes cultures isolated from seafoods. Estela, L.A., Sofos, J.N., Flores, B.B. (1992). Journal of Food Protection [J. FOOD PROT. ] 55:13-17. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  361. Rates of experimental microbiological contamination of fish exposed to polluted water. Fattal, B., Dotan, A., Tchorsh, Y. (1992). Water Res. 26:1621-1627. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  362. Bacterioplankton roles in cycling of organic matter: the microbial food web. Fuhrman, J.A. (1992). p. 361-383. In P.G. Falkowski and A.D. Woodhead (eds.), (eds) Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum, New York.[no abstract]

  363. Biological properties of Serratia marcescens bacteriophages. Gabrilovich, I.M., Gairabekov, R.K. (1992). Zhurnal Mikrobiologii Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 10-12.

  364. Wastewater renovation in buried and recirculating sand filters. Gold, A.J., Lamb, B.E., Loomis, G.W., Boyd, J.R., Cabelli, V.J., McKiel, C.G. (1992). Journal of Environmental Quality [J. ENVIRON. QUAL. ] 21:720-725. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  365. DNA sequences of the tail fiber genes of bacteriophage P2 evidence for horizontal transfer of tail fiber genes among unrelated bacteriophages. Håggard-Ljungquist, E., Halling, C., Calendar, R. (1992). J. Bacteriol. 174:1462-1477. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  366. Molecular interactions between bacteriophage and the Gram-negative cell envelope. Heller, K.J. (1992). Archives of Microbiology 158:235-248. [no abstract]

  367. Bacteriophage lamda PaPa: not the mother of all lambda phages. Hendrix, R.W., Duda, R.L. (1992). Science 258:1145-1148. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  368. A persistent virus infection in Feldmannia phaeophyceae. Henry, E.C., Meints, R.H. (1992). Journal of Phycology 28:517-526. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  369. Extraction of Streptomyces spores from soil and detection of rare gene transfer events. Herron, P.R., Wellington, E.M.H. (1992). p. 91-103. In E.M.H. Wellington and J.D. van Elsas (eds.), (eds) Genetic Interactions among Microorganisms in the Natural Environment. Pergammon Press, Oxford.[no abstract]

  370. Experimental phylogenetics: generation of a known phylogeny. Hillis, D.M., Bull, J.J., White, M.E., Badgett, M.R., Molineux, I.J. (1992). Science 255:589-592. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  371. Improved method for coliphage detection based on beta-galactosidase induction. Ijzerman, M.M., Hagedorn, C. (1992). Journal of Virological Methods 40:31-36. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  372. Regulation of the BamHI restriction-modification system by a small intergenic open reading frame, bamHIC, in both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Ives, C.L., Nathan, P.D., Brooks, J.E. (1992). J. Bacteriol. 174:7194-7201. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  373. Isolation and characterization of two temperate phages from Lactococcus lactis ssp cremoris C3. Jarvis, A.W., Parker, V.R., Bianchin, M.B. (1992). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38:398-404. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  374. Evaluation of a mechanical/chemical infectious waste disposal system [see comments]. Jette, L.P., Lapierre, S. (1992). INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 13:387-393. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  375. High energy phosphate bonds: Optional or obligatory? Kalckar, H.M. (1992). p. 43-49. In J. Cairns, G.S. Stent, and J.D. Watson (eds.), (eds) Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology (expanded edition). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.[PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  376. Inactivation of lambda phage with 658 nm light using a DNA binding porphyrin sensitizer. Kasturi, C., Platz, M.S. (1992). PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 56:427-429. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  377. Bacteriophage resistance in Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis using antisense ribonucleic acid. Kim, S.G., Bor, Y.C., Batt, C.A. (1992). Journal of Dairy Science 75:1761-1767. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  378. Bakterienviren. Klaus, S., Krüger, W., Meyer, J. (1992). Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.

  379. Gene transfer in the environment: transduction. Kokjohn, T.A., Miller, R.V. (1992). p. 54-81. In J.C. Fry and M.J. Day (eds.), (eds) Release of Genetically Engineered and Other Microorganisms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.[no abstract]

  380. A natural mutant of plasmid RP4 that confers phage resistance and reduced conjugative transfer. Kornstein, L.B., Waters, V.L., Cooper, R.C. (1992). FEMS Microbiol. Let. 70:97-100. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  381. Isolation and characteristics of phage-resistant mutants of Bacillus thuringiensis var thuringiensis. Koroleva Yu, V., Grigoreva, T.M., Azizbekyan, R.R. (1992). Biotekhnologiya 3-5. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  382. A bacteriological survey of cheese-making and starter practices in a South African cheese factory. Kotze, C.J., Jooste, P.J. (1992). South African Journal of Dairy Science 24:1-6. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  383. Use of polyvalent phage for reduction of Streptomycetes on soil dilution plates. Kurtboke, D.I., Chen, C.F., Williams, S.T. (1992). J. Appl. Bacteriol. 72:103-111. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  384. Stimulation of bacterial cytokinesis by bacteriophage predation. Lammers, W.T. (1992). p. 261-265. In B.T. Hart and P.G. Sly (eds.), (eds) SEDIMENT/WATER INTERACTIONS. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  385. Different bacteriophage resistance mechanisms in Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus. Larbi, D., Decaris, B., Simonet, J.M. (1992). Journal of Dairy Research 59:349-357. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  386. Bioluminescence detection system of mutagen using firefly luciferase genes introduced in Escherichia coli lysogenic strain. Lee, S.M., Suzuki, M., Kumagai, M., Ikeda, H., Tamiya, E., Karube, I. (1992). Analytical Chemistry 64:1755-1759.

  387. Information spiraling movement of bacteria and their genes in streams. Leff, L.G., Mcarthur, J.V., Shimkets, L.J. (1992). Microb. Ecol. 24:11-24. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  388. The Antibiogic Paradox: How Miracle Drugs are Destroying the Miracle. Levy, S.B. (1992). Plenum Publishers, [no abstract]

  389. Cross-contamination potential with dental equipment. Lewis, D.L., Arens, M., Appelton, S.S., Nakashima, K., Ryu, J., Boe, R.K., Patrick, J.B., Watanabe, D.T., Suzuki, M. (1992). Lancet (North American Edition) 340:1252-1254. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  390. Phage-inactivating effect of iron(II)-ascorbate complex. Lho, I.-H., Miyake, H., Morita, K. (1992). TEMP 99/06/16 56:720-724. [no abstract]

  391. Origin of phage particles in culture fluids during the industrial production of fodder protein with the use of methanotrophic bacteria: The role of the bacteria in the discontinuing the fermentation process. Lobanov, A.O., Turin, V.S., Krylov, V.N. (1992). Biotekhnologiya 4-8. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  392. Partial characterization of coliphage WPK and a comparison with coliphage T3. Loeffelholz, L., Maier, S. (1992). Microbiology and Immunology 36:173-189. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  393. Mutations of bacteria and of bacteriophage. Luria, S.E. (1992). p. 173-179. In J. Cairns, G.S. Stent, and J.D. Watson (eds.), (eds) Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology (expanded edition). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.[no abstract]

  394. Etude moléculaire comparative de 18 bacteriophages appartenant au morphospecies T-pair. Maftahi, M. (1992). Unité des Entérobactéries, U199 INSERM, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. [no abstract]

  395. Differences in the production of tempered bacteriophages in lysogenic Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Majtanova, L.'U. (1992). Biologia (Bratislava) 47:503-506.

  396. Characterization, localization, and sequence of F transfer region products: the pilus assembly gene product TraW and a new product, TrbI. Maneewannakul, S., Maneewannakul, K., IPPEN-IHLER, K. (1992). J. Bacteriol. 174:5567-5574. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  397. Enterobacterial and viral decay experimental models for anaerobic digestion of piggery waste. Mateu, A., Mata, A.J., Pares, R. (1992). Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 38:291-296. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  398. A broad-host-range vibriophage, KVP40, isolated from seawater. Matsuzaki, S., Tanaka, S., Koga, T., Kawata, T. (1992). Microbiology and Immunology 36:93-97. [no abstract]

  399. Repliction of chorella virus PBCV-1 and host karyotype determination studied with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Mccluskey, K., Graves, M., V, Mills, D., Meints, R.H. (1992). Journal of Phycology 28:846-850. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  400. Effect of reproduction of cyanophages A-1, S-8K and LPP-3 on proteolysis processes in the cells of cyanobacteria. Mendzhul, M.I., Koltukova, N.V., Lysenko, T.G., Shainskaya, O.A. (1992). Mikrobiologichnyi Zhurnal [MIKROBIOL. ZH. ] 54:90-95. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  401. Characterization of an O-antigen bacteriophage from Aeromonas hydrophila. Merino, S., Camprubi, S., Tomas, J.M. (1992). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38:235-240. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  402. Virus-mediated gene transfer in freshwater environments. Miller, R.V., Ripp, S., Replicon, J., Ogunseitan, O.A., Kokjohn, T.A. (1992). p. 50-62. In M.J. Gauthier (ed.), (eds) Gene Transfers and the Environment. SpringerVerlag, Berlin.[no abstract]

  403. Bacteriophage-host interactions in aquatic systems. Miller, R.V., Sayler, G.S. (1992). p. 176-193. In E.M.H. Wellington and J.D. van Elsas (eds.), (eds) Genetic Interactions among Microorganisms in the Natural Environment. Pergamon Press, Oxford.[PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  404. Further investigations on the concentration of marine bacteriophages in the water around helgoland with reference to the phage-host systems encountered. Moebus, K. (1992). Helgol. Meeresunters. 46:275-292. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  405. Laboratory investigations on the survival of marine bacteriophages in raw and treated seawater. Moebus, K. (1992). Helgol. Meeresunters. 46:251-273. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  406. Preliminary observations on the concentration of marine bacteriophages in the water around helgoland. Moebus, K. (1992). Helgol. Meeresunters. 45:411-422. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  407. Characterization of lactococcal bacteriophages from Quebec cheese plants. Moineau, S., Fortier, J., Ackermann, H.-W., Pandian, S. (1992). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38:875-882.

  408. Evaluation of different bacteriophage groups as faecal indicators in contaminated natural waters in southern England. Morinigo, M.A., Wheeler, D., Berry, C., Jones, C., Munoz, M.A., Cornax, R., Borrego, J.J. (1992). Water Res. 26:267-271. [no abstract]

  409. [Factors that affect transduction in microorganisms]. Mukvich, N.S., Romaniuk, L.V., Didyk, O.A. (1992). MIKROBIOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL 54:75-86. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  410. Viral dynamics: A model of the effects of size, shape, motion, and abundance of single-celled planktonic organisms and other particles. Murray, A.G., Jackson, G.A. (1992). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 89:103-116. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  411. Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages specific for capsular antigens K3, K7, K12, and, K13 of Escherichia coli. Nimmich, W., Krallmann Wenzel, U., Mueller, B., Schmidt, G. (1992). Zentralblatt Fuer Bakteriologie 276:213-220. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  412. The susceptibility of nodule bacteria with the unclear taxonomic position to bacteriophages of various Rhizobium genera. Novikova, N.I., Limeshchenko, E.V. (1992). Mikrobiologiya 61:484-489. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  413. Antibody response to bacteriophage phi X174 in patients with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Ochs, H.D., Buckley, R.H., Kobayashi, R.H., Kobayashi, A.L., Sorensen, R.U., Douglas, S.D., Hamilton, B.L., Hershfield, M.S. (1992). Blood 5:1163-1171. [no abstract]

  414. Application of DNA probes to analysis of bacteriophage distribution patterns in the environment. Ogunseitan, O.A., Sayler, G.S., Miller, R.V. (1992). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:2046-2052. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  415. Characterization of water quality in the Ukrainian part of the Danube (by general indices). Oksiyuk, O.P., Zhuravleva, L.A., Lyashenko, A.V., Bashmakova, I.K., Karpezo, Y.I., Ivanov, A.I. (1992). Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal 28:3-11. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  416. Population dynamics of bacteriophage and Bacillus subtilis in soil. Pantastica-Caldas, M., Duncan, K.E., Istock, C.A., Bell, J.A. (1992). Ecology 73:1888-1902. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  417. The rex system of bacteriophage lambda: Tolerance and altruistic cell death. Parma, D.H., Snyder, M., Sobolevski, S., Nawroz, M., Brody, E., Gold, L. (1992). Genes. Dev. 6:497-510. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  418. Differential activities of bacteriophage depolymerase on bacterial polysaccharide: binding is essential but degradation is inhibitory in phage infection of K1-defective Escherichia coli. Pelkonen, S., Aalto, J., Finne, J. (1992). J. Bacteriol. 174:7757-7761. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  419. Detection of gene transfer in aquatic environments. Pickup, R.W. (1992). p. 145-164. In E.M.H. Wellington and J.D. van Elsas (eds.), (eds) Genetic Interactions among Microorganisms in the Natural Environment. Pergamon Press, Oxford.[no abstract]

  420. Bacteriophage phi X-174 as an aerobiological marker for surgical plume generated by the electromagnetic field focusing system. Price, J.A., Yamanashi, W., McGee, J.M. (1992). Journal of Hospital Infection 21:39-50. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  421. Mortality of marine bacteria in response to enrichments of the virus size fraction from seawater. Proctor, L.M., Fuhrman, J.A. (1992). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 87:283-293. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  422. DNA as a solar dosimeter in the ocean. Regan, J.D., Carrier, W.L., Gucinski, H., Olla, B.L., Yoshida, H., Fujimura, R.K., Wicklund, R.I. (1992). Photochemistry & Photobiology 56:35-42. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  423. Characteristics and diffusion in the rabbit of a phage for Escherichia coli 0103. Attempts to use this phage for therapy. Reynaud, A., Cloastre, L., Bernard, J., Laveran, H., Ackermann, H.W., Licois, D., Joly, B. (1992). Veterinary Microbiology 30:203-212. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  424. Virucidal effectiveness of some commercial disinfectants for chemothermal disinfection procedures tested against temperature resistant viruses and bacteriopahges—evaluation of a test model. Rheinbaben, F.V., Bansemir, K.-P., Heinzel, M. (1992). Zentralbatt für Hygiene 192:419-431. [no abstract]

  425. Influence of soil type on the transfer of plasmid RP4p from Pseudomonas fluorescens to introduced recipient and to indigenous bacteria. Richaume, A., Smit, E., Faurie, G., Elsas, J.D.V. (1992). FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 101:281-292. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  426. Analysis of phagoresistance among pseudomonads. Romashko, A.M., Bylinski, A.F. (1992). Mikrobiologiya 61:478-483.

  427. Phage T7 in biological UV dose measurement. Ronto, G., Gaspar, S., Berces, A. (1992). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 12:285-294. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  428. Application of phage typing to the identification of sources of groundwater contamination. Rusin, P.A., Sinclair, N.A., Gerba, C.P., Gershman, M. (1992). Journal of Contaminant Hydrology [J. CONTAM. HYDROL. ] 11:173-188. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  429. DNA inversion regions min of plasmid P15B and cin of bacteriophage P1 evolution of bacteriophage tail fiber genes. Sandmeier, H., Iida, S., Arber, W. (1992). J. Bacteriol. 174:3936-3944. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  430. Experimental studies to modify the number of endocytic bacteria in Cryptomonas strain SAG 2580 (Cryptophyceae) and their lysis by bacteriophages. Schnepf, E., Feith, R. (1992). Archiv fuer Protistenkunde 142:95-100. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  431. Primary characterization of the bacteriophage BA-4 from a nitrogen-fixing Bacillus azotofixans strain. Seldin, L. (1992). Microbios 71:167-177. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  432. Identification of a family of bacteriophage T4 genes encoding proteins similar to those present in group I introns of fungi and phage. Sharma, M., Ellis, R.L., Hinton, D.M. (1992). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:6658-6662. [no abstract]

  433. Virus and bacteria abundances in the Drake Passage during January and August 1991. Smith, D.C., Steward, G.F., Azam, F., Hollibaugh, J.T. (1992). Antarct. J. U. S. 27:125-126. [no abstract]

  434. Treatment of experimental infections of mice with bacteriophages. Soothill, J.S. (1992). J. Med. Microbiol. 37:258-262. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  435. Nucleotide sequence of the genome of the filamentous bacteriophage I2-2 module evolution of the filamentous phage genome. Stassen, A.P.M., Schoenmakers, E.F.P.M., Yu, M., Schoenmakers, J.G.G., Konings, R.N.H. (1992). J. Mol. Evol. 34:141-152. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  436. Estimation of virus production in the sea: II. Field results. Steward, G.F., Wikner, J., Cochlan, W.P., Smith, D.C., Azam, F. (1992). Mar. Microb. Food Webs. 6:79-90. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  437. Estimation of virus production in the sea. I. Method development. Steward, G.F., Wikner, J., Smith, D.C., Cochlan, W.P., Azam, F. (1992). Marine Microbial Food Webs 6:57-78. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  438. Mechanisms and rates of decay of marine viruses in seawater. Suttle, C.A., Chen, F. (1992). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3721-3729. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  439. Inhibition of photosynthesis by the submicron size fraction concentrated from seawater. Suttle, C.A. (1992). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 87:105-112. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  440. Marine viruses: Decay rates, diversity and ecological implications. Suttle, C.A., Chen, F., Chan, A.M. (1992). p. 153-163. In C.C. Nash, II (ed.), (eds) International Marine Biotechnology Conferences "IMBC-91": Short Communications of Invited Lectures. W. Brown Co., Dubuque.[no abstract]

  441. Culture and decontamination methods affecting enumeration of phages infecting Bacteroides fragilis in sewage. Tartera, C., Araujo, R., Michel, T., Jofre, J. (1992). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:2670-2673. [no abstract]

  442. Lysis-induced decline of a Phaeocystis spring bloom and coupling with the microbial foodweb. van Boekel, W.H.M., Hansen, F.C., Riegman, R., Bak, R.P.M. (1992). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 81:269-276. [no abstract]

  443. Antibiotic resistance gene transfer in the environment: an overview. van Elsas, J.D. (1992). p. 17-39. In E.M.H. Wellington and J.D. van Elsas (eds.), (eds) Genetic Interactions among Microorganisms in the Natural Environment. Pergamon Press, Oxford.[no abstract]

  444. Bacteriological and physiological research styles in the early controversy on the nature of the bacteriophage phenomenon. Van Helvoort, T. (1992). Medical History 36:243-270. [no abstract]

  445. Selective synthesis and labeling of the polysialic acid capsule in Escherichia coli K1 strains with mutations in nanA and neuB. Vimr, E.R. (1992). J. Bacteriol. 174:6191-6197. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  446. A simple, efficient PCR technique for characterizing bacteriophage plaques. Wang, H., Cutler, A.J. (1992). PCR METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2:93-95. [no abstract]

  447. Distribution of viruses in the Chesapeake Bay. Wommack, K.E., Hill, R.T., Kessel, M., Russek-Cohen, E., Colwell, R.R. (1992). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:2965-2970. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  448. Inactivation of coliphage MS-2 and poliovirus by copper, silver, and chlorine. Yahya, M.T., Straub, T.M., Gerba, C.P. (1992). Can. J. Microbiol. 38:430-435. [no abstract]

  449. Replication of viruses in a growing plaque: A reaction-diffusion model. Yin, J., McCaskill, J.S. (1992). Biophys. J. 61:1540-1549. [no abstract]

  450. Classification of virulent and temperate bacteriophages of Listeria spp. on the basis of morphology and protein analysis. Zink, R., Loessner, M.J. (1992). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:296-302. [no abstract]

  451. Assessing Ecological Risks of Biotechnology. Anonymous (1991). Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston.[no abstract]

  452. Risk Assessment in Genetic Engineering. Anonymous (1991). McGraw-Hill, New York.[no abstract]

  453. Practical Phage Control. ??? (1991). International Dairy Federation,

  454. MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE SMALL ISOMETRIC-HEADED BACTERIOPHAGES WHICH VARY IN THEIR SENSITIVITY TO THE LACTOCOCCAL PHAGE RESISTANCE PLASMID PTR2030. Alatossava, T., Klaenhammer, T.R. (1991). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:1346-1353. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  455. Bacteriophage adsorption during transport through porous media: chemical perturbations and reversibility. Bales, R.C., Hinkle, S.R., Kroegar, T.W., Gerba, C.P., Gerba, C. (1991). Environ. Sci. Technol. 25:2088-2095. [no abstract]

  456. Influence of environmental conditions on infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae by two different types of bacteriophages. Benedi, V.J., Regue, M., Alberti, S., Camprubi, S., Tomas, J.M. (1991). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37:270-275. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  457. The activity in the chicken alimentary tract of bacteriophages lytic for Salmonella typhimurium. Berchieri, A., Lovell, M.A., Barrow, P.A. (1991). Res. Microbiol. 142:541-549. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  458. Isolation and characterization of the bacteriophages of Lactic streptococci. Bhimani, R.S., Freitas, Y.M. (1991). Journal of Dairy Science 74:1461-1471. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  459. Effektivnost' bakteriofaga Klebsiella pneumoniae pri terapii eksperimental'noi klebsielleznoi infektsii.[The efficacy of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage in the therapy of experimental Klebsiella infection]. [Russian]. Bogovazova, G.G., Voroshilova, N.N., Bondarenko, V.M. (1991). Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii 4:5-8. [PRESS FOR ABSTRACT]

  460. Development and application of new positively charged filters for recovery of bacteriophages from water. Borrego, J.J., Cornax, R., Preston, D.R., Farrah,